The Relationship Between Religion and Government in al-Ghazali's Perspective

Abstract

Islam is a heavenly religion that serves as a mercy to all worlds. Islam, through the prophets, conveys the highest values of perfection, covering both worldly and afterlife issues. These values are visible in the daily life of humanity, and especially in modern life, which is more commonly known as global life. This article discusses religion and government through the thoughts of al-Ghazali, using a library research method. Al-Ghazali views in his book Ihya' Ulum al-Din that the purpose of human creation encompasses both worldly and afterlife matters. Humans were sent down as khalifatu fil ardi (vicegerents on Earth), and the purpose of religion is to provide rules for life, while government serves as its guardian. Al-Ghazali states that religion and government cannot be separated, just like twin siblings born from the same womb. Scholars serve as the guiding agents of the government. Through the tradition of the Prophet, al-Ghazali sees the necessity for an association between the sultan and scholars. He argues that the caliph must receive support from scholars to carry out religious duties. Scholars have the right to interpret the Shariah according to the problems and conditions faced by the public. Imam al-Ghazali defines an ideal leader as someone who upholds morality, knowledge, and religion. Such a leader must also be able to influence the environment in which they operate, heal and prevent the destruction of the country or organization, and create a just and prosperous society.