Revealing Vernacular Architecture in Kalimantan’s Mosques: A Comparative Study Between The Sabilal Muhtadin Grand Mosque, The Darussalam Grand Mosque, and The Islamic Center Samarinda Mosque

Mengungkap Arsitektur Vernakular pada Masjid di Kalimantan: Studi Perbandingan Antara Masjid Agung Sabilal Muhtadin, Masjid Agung Darussalam, dan Masjid Islamic Center Samarinda

Abstract

This research aims to conduct a comparative study of mosque architecture in Kalimantan using Paul Oliver's vernacular theory approach. The research focus includes the Sabilal Muhtadin Grand Mosque, the Darussalam Palangka Raya Grand Mosque, and the Samarinda Islamic Center Mosque. These mosques were chosen because each represents unique characteristics of vernacular architecture that adapts to local environmental and cultural conditions. This research method is a combination of literature study and field observation. Data was collected through literature analysis on vernacular theory, mosque documentation studies, and direct observation of architectural characteristics, construction materials, and the integration of cultural elements in the design of these mosques. The research results show that the three mosques display various aspects of vernacular architecture, ranging from the use of local materials such as wood and stone, to the integration of cultural elements such as traditional carvings and decorations. The Banjarmasin Jami Mosque highlights the rich cultural heritage of Banjar with a design that combines local wisdom with Islamic elements. Meanwhile, the Darussalam Grand Mosque in Palangka Raya shows a harmonious integration between vernacular architectural elements and Dayak culture. The Samarinda Islamic Center Mosque adapts a modern design while maintaining the use of local materials, showing a creative response to the natural environment and local culture.