Relasi Kyai dan Santri Perspektif Hukum dan Syariah Terhadap Isu Perbudakan di Pesantren
The Relationship between Kyai and Santri: Legal and Sharia Perspectives on the Issue of Slavery in Islamic Boarding Schools
Abstract
This research is motivated by the emergence of negative perceptions of the practice of devotion by students in Islamic boarding schools, which is often misinterpreted as a form of subordination or exploitation. In fact, in the Islamic boarding school tradition, the relationship between kyai and students is built on the basis of spiritual, moral, and educational values. The purpose of this study is to analyze the nature of the kyai-santri relationship from the perspective of positive law and sharia law and examine the meaning of devotion as part of the Islamic tarbiyah system. The research method used is a qualitative approach with normative and sociological analysis, through a literature review of regulations, classical pesantren literature, and related journal articles. The results show that the kyai-santri relationship is pedagogical and spiritual, not an employment relationship. In sharia law, devotion of students is a form of worship and a process of moral formation (tahdzib al-nafs), while in positive law, this practice is recognized as part of an education system based on sincerity and devotion, not exploitation. This research emphasizes the importance of a contextual understanding of the Islamic boarding school education system so that the values of sincerity, etiquette, and humanity remain the foundation for developing just and character-based Islamic education.
Keywords: Islamic Boarding School, Kyai-Santri Relationship, Islamic Education.
Kata kunci: Islamic Boarding School, Kyai-Santri Relationship, Islamic Education.
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References
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Ruslan, Idrus. “PEMIKIRAN ‘KONTRAK SOSIAL’ JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAUDAN MASA DEPAN UMAT BERAGAMA.” Jurnal Al-Adyan 8, no. 2 (2013): 17–36.
Sartini, Titi. “Kyai as Moral Authority: Negotiating Religious Discipline and Cultural Identity in Pesantren.” Journal Of Educational Management 7, no. 1 (2025): 70–81. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.52627/managere.v7i1.756.
Syarifah, Himmatus. “Undang-Undang Pesantren Sebagai Rekognisi Dan Implikasi Kebijakan Pemerintah Terhadap Pendidikan Pesantren Di Indonesia.” NAAFI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa 2, no. April (2025): 307–18. https://doi.org/10.62387/naafijurnalilmiahmahasiswa.v2i2.157.
Triana, Neni, M Daud Yahya, Husna Nashihin, and Zulkifli Musthan. “Integrasi Tasawuf Dalam Pendidikan Islam Dii Pondok Pesantren.” Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 12, no. 01 (2023): 299–314. https://doi.org/10.30868/ei.v12i01.2917.
Wibowo, Hasyim. “ETIKA SANTRI KEPADA KIAI MENURUT KITAB TA’LIM MUTA’ALLIMDI PP. KOTAGEDE HIDAYATUL MUBTADI-IEN YOGYAKARTA.” Jurnal Penelitian Agama Dan Masyarakat 4, no. 2 (2020): 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14421/panangkaran.2020.0402-01.
Wirayanti, Erna, Cherawati, Khaerani S. “Metode Pendidikan Tradisional Pesantren Dalam Membina Akhlak Santri ( Studi Pesantren Nahdlatul Ulum Kabupaten Maros ).” Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial 1, no. 10 (2024): 424–37.
Bainur Yelubayev, Csaba Olay. “Locke and Rousseau: From Natural Freedom to The Social Contract,” 2025.
Daud, Khoirotul Idawati, Hanifudin. “Peran Kiai Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Santri: SuatuKajian Literatur.” Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Dan Sains 9, no. 2 (2025): 1–11.
Dia Fathul Jannah, Fauzia Adista Wati, Nurul Mubin. “Kitab Kuning: Metode Sorogan Dan Bandongan Di Pondok Pesantren.” Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Dan Sosial Keagamaan 04, no. 04 (2025): 225–30.
Fathurrohman, Rizal, and Ahmad Arifi. “Khidmah in Transition: Santri, Kiai, and Social Transformation in Pesantren.” Nadwa: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 18, no. 2 (2024): 227–44.
https://doi.org/10.21580/nw.2024.18.2.21107.
Fauzi, Ahmad. “PENERAPAN METODE MUMARASAH DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MAHARAH KALAM DI PESANTREN DARUSSALAM GONTOR.” Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab 3, no. 4 (2024): 187–99.
Fauzi, Anas, and Halim Mokhtar. “Implementasi Karakter Disiplin Santri Berbasis Budaya Pesantren.” Journal of Islamic Education and Innovation 5, no. 2 (2024): 89–97. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26555/jiei.v5i2.12472.
Hasanuddin, Muhammad Tang, Ismail. “Pembentukan Karakter Santri Berbasis Ruhaniah Melalui Metode Ta ’ Lim Tarbiyah Dan Ta ’ Dib Di Pondok Pesantren.” Jurnal Kependidikan Media 14, no. 1 (2025): 14–22.
Hidayah, Ridho. “Tradisi Program Khidmah Dalam Meningkatkan Integritas Santri Di Pondok Pesantren Walisongo Lampung Utara.” Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin 1, no. 6 (2023): 995–99. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8172188.
Hisyam, Fuad. “NternalisasiNilai Akhlak Melalui Pengajian Kitab Ta’lim Di Pondok Pesantren Darussalam Tugumulyo.” Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 3, no. 1 (2024): 18–32.
Ichsan, Ahmad Shofiyuddin. “KONSTRUKSI PENDIDIKAN RELASI KIAI DAN SANTRI DI PONDOK PESANTREN LINTANG SONGO PIYUNGAN YOGYAKARTA (Sebuah Pendekatan Multidisipliner) Ahmad Shofiyuddin Ichsan.” Jurnal Pendidikan, Komunikasi Dan Pemikiran Hukum Islam 11, no. 1 (2019): 199–221.
Idrus, L. “PESANTREN , KYAI DAN TAREKAT ( Potret Sejarah Pendidikan Islam Di Indonesia ).” Jurnal Dakwah Dan Sosial Kegamaan 6, no. 2 (2020).
Ihsana, Nurmalia, and Stih Iblam. “ANALISIS HUKUM TINDAK PIDANA PERDAGANGAN ORANG DI TANJUNGKARANG, LAMPUNG (STUDI KASUS PUTUSAN NOMOR 663/PID.SUS/2023/ PN TJK).” Jurnal IBLAM Law Review 5, no. 2 (2025): 160–71. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.52249/ilr.v5i1.635.
Iwan Kuswandi, M Ridwan. “Kepatuhan Terhadap Kiai Pesantren Dalam Tinjauan Psikologi Pendidikan.” Jurnal Tinta 5, no. 1 (2023): 41–52. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35897/jurnaltinta.v5i1.931.
Kamaluddin, Moh, Ratih Dwi Pangestu, Wyda Lusiana, and Lucius Andik. “Upaya Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Santri Pondok Pesantren Al Muhajirin Dalam Mencegah Kasus Perundungan.” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Sosial 1, no. 4 (2023): 131–34.
Karo-karo, Muhammad Syawal, Dede Khairani, and Juli Julaiha Pulungan. “Adab Dan Kepribadian Guru Dalam Hadits Nabi.” Urnal Pendidikan Islam Dan Isu-Isu Sosial 9, no. 1 (2024): 14–25.
Khalim, Abdul, and Dedi Supriadi. “Peluang Inovasi Kelembagaan Pesantren Berbasis UU Nomor 18 Tahun 2019.” Jurnal Ilmiah Pascasarjana 3, no. 4 (2024): 223–33. https://doi.org/10.32832/djip-uika.v4i3.17488.
Mawardi Ahmad, Musaddad Harahap. “Relevansi Tradisi Pondok Pesantren Dalam Membentuk Sikap Ta’dzim Santri Di Pondok Pesantren Dar El-Himkah Kota Pekanbaru.” Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 5, no. 2 (2020): 96–121.
Muhajir, Muhajir, Ahmad Zulfi, and Aali Dawwas. “Pre-Service Teaching Dan Ketaatan Pada Kyai Dalam Pengembangan Keikhlasan Santri Di Pondok Pesantren Modern.” Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam Al-Thariqah 7, no. 1 (2022): 90–106. https://doi.org/10.25299/al-thariqah.2022.vol7(1).9137.
Muhamad Arifin Siregar, Winarno. “PENANAMAN KARAKTER MANDIRI DAN TANGGUNG JAWAB MELALUI PROGRAM PENGABDIAN SANTRI DI PESANTREN ISLAM AL IRSYAD TENGARAN KABUPATEN SEMARANG.” Jurnal Asy-Syukriyyah 25, no. 1 (2024): 107–27. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36769/asy.v25i1.478.
Muhammad Faqih Mukaddam, Hairul Hudaya. “Kajian Metode Muqaran: Adab Murid Terhadap Guru Menurut Imam Ghazali Dan Kontekstualisasinya Dengan Kode Etik Guru Indonesia.” Jurnal Kependidikan Islam 11, no. 1 (2025): 40–54. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/potensia.v11i1.35180.
News, Antara. “RMI NU Jatim Bantah Eksploitasi Santri Dan Bantuan Di Al Khoziny.” 2 Oktober, 2025. https://www.antaranews.com/berita/5149113/rmi-nu-jatim-bantah-eksploitasi-santri-dan-bantuan-di-al-khoziny.
Nur’Aini, Sugiati, M.Arya Dana, Wahyudi, Sinta Ramadhani. “At-Tarbiyah Sebagai Konsep Pendidikan Dalam Islam.” Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan, Agama Dan Kebudayaan 6, no. 1 (2020): 88–104.
Palguna, I D G, Bima Kumara, and Dwi Atmaja. “Konsepsi Pendidikan Sebagai Hak Konstitusional.” Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM 30, no. 2 (2023): 350–70. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol30.iss2.art6.
Redaktur, Icong. “PERGUNU Lampung Utara Kecam Tayangan ‘Perbudakan Di Pesantren’ Trans7: Dinilai Menyesatkan Dan Lukai Dunia Pendidikan Islam.” 14 Oktober, 2025. https://publiknusantara.id/pergunu-lampung-utara-kecam-tayangan-perbudakan-di-pesantren-trans7-dinilai-menyesatkan-dan-lukai-dunia-pendidikan-islam.
Riwanda, Agus, Mukhammad Zamzami, and Abdullah Hosseinieskandian. “EXPLORING THE ESOTERIC DIMENSION OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION THROUGH KHIDMAH STUDENTS ’ MOTIVATION MENJELAJAHI DIMENSI ESOTERIS PENDIDIKAN.” Journal of Religion and Society 36, no. 2 (2023): 217–32. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31330/penamas.v36i2.652.
Rochmat, Cecep Sobar, Mafaza Salmi, and Irma Lupita Sari. “Panca Jiwa Pesantren Sebagai Wujud Internalisasi.” Shibghoh: Prosiding Ilmu Kependidikan UNIDA Gontor 3, no. 1 (2025): 695.
Ruslan, Idrus. “PEMIKIRAN ‘KONTRAK SOSIAL’ JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAUDAN MASA DEPAN UMAT BERAGAMA.” Jurnal Al-Adyan 8, no. 2 (2013): 17–36.
Sartini, Titi. “Kyai as Moral Authority: Negotiating Religious Discipline and Cultural Identity in Pesantren.” Journal Of Educational Management 7, no. 1 (2025): 70–81. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.52627/managere.v7i1.756.
Syarifah, Himmatus. “Undang-Undang Pesantren Sebagai Rekognisi Dan Implikasi Kebijakan Pemerintah Terhadap Pendidikan Pesantren Di Indonesia.” NAAFI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa 2, no. April (2025): 307–18. https://doi.org/10.62387/naafijurnalilmiahmahasiswa.v2i2.157.
Triana, Neni, M Daud Yahya, Husna Nashihin, and Zulkifli Musthan. “Integrasi Tasawuf Dalam Pendidikan Islam Dii Pondok Pesantren.” Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 12, no. 01 (2023): 299–314. https://doi.org/10.30868/ei.v12i01.2917.
Wibowo, Hasyim. “ETIKA SANTRI KEPADA KIAI MENURUT KITAB TA’LIM MUTA’ALLIMDI PP. KOTAGEDE HIDAYATUL MUBTADI-IEN YOGYAKARTA.” Jurnal Penelitian Agama Dan Masyarakat 4, no. 2 (2020): 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14421/panangkaran.2020.0402-01.
Wirayanti, Erna, Cherawati, Khaerani S. “Metode Pendidikan Tradisional Pesantren Dalam Membina Akhlak Santri ( Studi Pesantren Nahdlatul Ulum Kabupaten Maros ).” Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial 1, no. 10 (2024): 424–37.
Published
2026-03-02
How to Cite
Rohmana, V. (2026). Relasi Kyai dan Santri Perspektif Hukum dan Syariah Terhadap Isu Perbudakan di Pesantren. Al-Mada: Jurnal Agama, Sosial, Dan Budaya, 9(1), 78-102. https://doi.org/10.31538/almada.v9i1.9006
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Copyright (c) 2026 Vivi Rohmana
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