Spirituality as a Mechanism for Inter-Citizen Conflict Reconciliation: A Participatory Rural Appraisal Approach in East Bayah Village
Abstract
Inter-community social conflict may weaken social cohesion and reduce collective participation within local communities. This study examines the dynamics of social conflict between residents of RW 04 and RW 10 in Bungkeureuk Hamlet, Bayah Timur Village, Kab. Lebak, Banten Province and analyzes the role of spirituality as a mechanism for social reconciliation. The study employed a qualitative case study approach using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). Data were collected through participatory observation, PRA documentation, and discussion records involving neighborhood leaders, religious leaders, and senior community members. PRA techniques included problem tree analysis, priority ranking matrices, and institutional Venn diagrams. The findings indicate that the conflict was shaped by historical trauma arising from disagreements in previous community activities, identity-based sentiments between native and migrant residents, and limited cross-group communication. These conditions contributed to social polarization, weakened solidarity, and reduced participation in non-religious communal activities. However, collective spiritual practices, including Islamic Religious Celebration Events (Perayaan Hari Besar Islam), majelis taklim, and communal religious gatherings, functioned as inclusive social spaces that facilitated interaction across social boundaries. Spirituality served as an informal mechanism of reconciliation by strengthening communication, rebuilding solidarity, and restoring social cohesion. The study highlights the potential of community-based spiritual approaches as an alternative strategy for addressing horizontal social conflicts.
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