Humanistic Da‘wah and Religious Freedom in QS. Al-Baqarah Verse 256: A Comparative Study of Quraish Shihab and Hamka’s Tafsir
Dakwah Humanis dan Kebebasan Beragama dalam QS. Al-Baqarah Ayat 256: Studi Perbandingan Tafsir Quraish Shihab dan Hamka
Abstract
This study examines the concept of humanist da'wa contained in verse 256 of Surah Al-Baqarah through a comparative study of two popular commentaries, namely Quraish Shihab's Tafsir Al-Misbah and Hamka's Tafsir Al-Azhar. The study is qualitative with a library research approach, in the form of analysis of the main text and supporting literature to explore the meaning, scope, and comparison of the two commentators' interpretations of the verse. The results of the analysis show that verse 256 substantively describes the principles of humanist da'wah: upholding Islamic teachings without coercion, being polite, and prioritizing wisdom. Both commentaries agree that Islam advocates peace, tolerance, and religious freedom. However, there are methodological differences and emphases: Quraish Shihab (Al-Misbah) tends to use an analytical approach per sentence and linguistic-linguistic context, while Hamka (Al-Azhar) emphasizes the historical background, stories of the apostles and companions, and references to hadith as an interpretative framework. This study concludes that the understanding of humanist da'wa in verse 256 can be enriched by integrating the strengths of both contextual-linguistic and historical-narrative approaches as a reference for moderate and inclusive da'wa practices.
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