The Influence of Flexible Working Arrangements and Emotional Intelligence on Work-Life Balance in Generation Z with Digital Literacy as a Mediating Variable
Abstract
This study examines the influence of flexible working arrangements (FWA) and emotional intelligence (EI) on work-life balance (WLB) among Generation Z employees in Bali's hospitality sector, with digital literacy (DL) as a mediating variable. Using a quantitative causal design, data were collected from 360 respondents through structured questionnaires and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that FWA and EI each have a positive and significant direct effect on both WLB and digital literacy. Digital literacy is also confirmed to positively and significantly influence WLB. Furthermore, digital literacy significantly mediates the relationship between FWA and WLB, as well as between EI and WLB. These findings suggest that work flexibility and emotional competence not only directly enhance employees' life balance but also indirectly do so by strengthening their digital capabilities. Hospitality organizations in Bali are therefore encouraged to integrate flexible work policies with structured digital literacy and emotional intelligence development programs as a comprehensive strategy to improve the well-being and productivity of Generation Z workers.
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References
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Garini, R. A., & Muafi. (2023). The Effect of Digital Competence, Work Life Balance and Work Stress towards Service Performance with Moderation of Emotional Intelligence on Employees of PT.X. International Journal of Business Ecosystem & Strategy, 5(2), 01–11. https://doi.org/10.36096/ijbes.v5i2.403
Ghozali, I. (2021). Partial Least Squares: Konsep, Teknik, dan Aplikasi Menggunakan Program SmartPLS 3.2.9 untuk Penelitian Empiris (Edisi 3). Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Giao, H. N. K., Vuong, B. N., Huan, D. D., Tushar, H., & Quan, T. N. (2020). The Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Turnover Intention and the Moderating Role of Perceived Organizational Support: Evidence from the Banking Industry of Vietnam. Sustainability, 12(5), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12051857
Greenhaus, J. H., Collins, K. M., & Shaw, J. D. (2003). The Relation Between Work-Family Balance and Quality of Life. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63(3), 510–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(02)00042-8
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Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Hartanto, C. F. B., Rusdarti, R., & Abdurrahman, A. (2019). Tantangan Pendidikan Vokasi di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 dalam Menyiapkan Sumber Daya Manusia yang Unggul. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pascasarjana (PROSNAMPAS), 163–171.
Hergüner, S. (2017). Prospective EFL Teachers' Emotional Intelligence and Tablet Computer Use and Literacy. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 16(4), 56–64.
Ibrahim, R. K., Al Sabbah, S., Al-Jarrah, M., Senior, J., Almomani, J. A., Darwish, A., Albannay, F., & Al Naimat, A. (2024). The Mediating Effect of Digital Literacy and Self-Regulation on the Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Academic Stress among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Medical Education, 24(1309), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-06279-0
Imjai, N., Aujirapongpan, S., Jutidharabongse, J., & Usman, B. (2024). Impacts of Digital Connectivity on Thailand's Generation Z Undergraduates' Social Skills and Emotional Intelligence. Contemporary Educational Technology, 16(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/14043
Kannaiah, D., & Shanthi, R. (2015). A Study on Emotional Intelligence at Workplace. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(24), 147–155.
Kf, S., & G, E. (2023). Emotional Intelligence and Digital Literacy on Professional Competence of Basic Education Teacher. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Future of Education, 6, 53–72.
Kolawole, I. O., & Ibironke, A. E. (2021). The Impact of Flexible Work Model on Employee's Work Life Balance in an Emerging Economy. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 5(4). http://www.rsisinternational.org
Larasati, D., Salendu, A., & Etikariena, A. (2022). Work-Family Culture dan Organizational Commitment Karyawan Wanita: Work-Life Balance Sebagai Mediator. Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia, 11(2), 213–230. https://doi.org/10.30996/persona.v11i2.7759
Lazar, M. A., Zbuchea, A., & Pînzaru, F. (2023). The Emerging Generation Z Workforce in the Digital World: A Literature Review on Cooperation and Transformation. Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, 17(1), 1991–2001. https://doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2023-0175
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Published
2026-05-27
How to Cite
Kitasari, N. M. P., & Subawa, N. S. (2026). The Influence of Flexible Working Arrangements and Emotional Intelligence on Work-Life Balance in Generation Z with Digital Literacy as a Mediating Variable. Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE), 9(2), 12121-12141. https://doi.org/10.31538/iijse.v9i2.10357
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