Analysis of the Competitiveness of Cocoa Bean Exports in the International Market
Abstract
Indonesia is one of the world’s largest cocoa-producing countries; however, the competitiveness of Indonesian cocoa beans in the international market has been steadily declining. This study aims to analyze the comparative and competitive advantages of Indonesian cocoa beans over a ten-year period from 2014 to 2024, as well as Indonesia’s efforts to maintain and increase its market share in the international market, particularly in Malaysia. The methods used in this study include Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) to measure comparative advantage, Export Product Dynamics (EPD) to analyze competitive advantage, and Market Share Analysis (MSA) to assess the growth of Indonesia’s market share compared to competing countries. The types of cocoa beans used in this study are whole or broken, raw or roasted, fermented or non-fermented, with HS code 180100. The results of this study indicate that the competitiveness of Indonesia’s cocoa bean exports is unstable. Indonesia’s RCA values do not consistently exceed one, suggesting that its comparative advantage has not been maintained. Meanwhile, in the EPD analysis, the position of Indonesia’s cocoa bean exports shifts across several quadrants, indicating that its competitiveness is inconsistent within the market. The results of the MSA analysis indicate that Indonesia’s market share has declined. Indonesia has significant potential for cocoa bean exports. Therefore, various strategic efforts are needed to enhance the competitiveness of Indonesia’s cocoa exports by improving product quality and productivity, as well as strengthening trade policies that support cocoa bean exports.
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