The Influence of Environmental Performance, Leverage, and Board of Commissioners Size on Firm Value: Evidence from Energy Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2021–2024 Period
Abstract
This study examines the effect of environmental performance, leverage, and board of commissioners size on firm value in energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2021–2024 period. Environmental performance is proxied by the PROPER rating, leverage is measured using the Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER), board of commissioners size is determined by the number of commissioners, and firm value is measured using Tobin’s Q. The study population consists of all energy sector companies listed on the IDX. Using a purposive sampling method, 24 companies were selected, resulting in 96 observations over four years. This research employs panel data regression analysis using EViews 12, with the Random Effect Model (REM) identified as the most appropriate specification. The results indicate that environmental performance (PROPER) and leverage (DER) do not have a significant effect on firm value. In contrast, board of commissioners size has a positive and significant effect on firm value. Simultaneously, the three independent variables do not significantly influence firm value. These findings suggest that during the 2021–2024 period, investors in the energy sector were more responsive to corporate governance mechanisms, particularly board oversight, than to signals related to environmental performance or capital structure. The study contributes to the literature on corporate governance and firm value by highlighting the importance of an effective board structure in enhancing market valuation within the energy sector.
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