INTEGRATING RISK MANAGEMENT INTO PROJECT SCHEDULING: A CRITICAL PATH METHOD APPROACH IN COAL MINING DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
Abstract
This study analyses the integration of risk management into project scheduling in a coal mining development project. A mixed-methods case study was applied, combining interviews, observations, document analysis, and structured questionnaires. Project scheduling was conducted using the Critical Path Method (CPM), while risk assessment followed the AS/NZS 4360:2004 framework. The initial CPM analysis identified five activities on the critical path (A–B–D–E–F) with a total duration of 90 weeks. A risk assessment revealed thirteen potential risks, including two high-priority items, six moderate-to-high risks, four moderate risks, and three low risks. Control strategies such as avoidance, reduction, transfer, and acceptance were proposed to mitigate these risks. After incorporating risk management into the CPM schedule, the project duration extended to 94 weeks, reflecting additional preventive measures and contingency buffers. While the schedule lengthened, the revised plan provided greater resilience against disruptions and improved reliability for project execution. These findings indicate that integrating risk management into project scheduling produces a more realistic and achievable timeline, especially for large-scale and high-risk projects such as mining operations. Theoretically, this research contributes a framework for risk-adjusted scheduling by combining deterministic scheduling with proactive risk analysis. Practically, it offers project managers valuable guidance to minimize disruptions, enhance decision-making, and increase the probability of successful and timely project completion.
Downloads
References
Acebes, F., González-Varona, J. M., López-Paredes, A., & Pajares, J. (2024). Beyond probability-impact matrices in project risk management: A quantitative methodology for risk prioritisation. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03180-5
Amelia, D., Setiaji, B., Primadewi, K., Habibah, U., Lounggina, T., Peny, L., Rajagukguk, K. P., Nugraha, D., Safitri, W., Wahab, A., Larisu, Z., Setiaji, B., & Dharta, F. Y. (2023). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif (Ariawan (ed.); 1st ed.). Yayasan Penerbit Muhammad Zaini.
Heizer, J., Render, B., & Munson, C. (2020). Operations Sustainability and Supply Chain Management (13e ed.).
Kartika., dkk. (2021). Analisis Manajemen Risiko dengan Metode AS/NZS 4360:2004 pada Tangki Timbun Minyak di Riau Risk Management Analysis with AS/NZS 4360:2004 Method on Oil Storage Tank at Riau. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 7(Analisis Manajemen Risiko dengan Metode AS/NZS 4360:2004 pada Tangki Timbun Minyak di Riau), 1–9.
Kerzner, H. (2017). Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling (12th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.
Kim, K. (2020). Generalized resource-constrained critical path method to improve sustainability in construction project scheduling. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(21), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218918
Larson, E. W., & Gray, C. F. (2018). Project Management: The managerial process. In McGraw-Hill Education. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-85401-6.00018-7
Migiro, S. O., & Magangi, B. A. (2011). Mixed methods : A review of literature and the future of the new research paradigm. African Journal of Business Management, 5(May), 3757–3764. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM09.082
Mukiat, M. ., & Asof, M. (2022). Analisis Investasi Tambang (M. Harpani (ed.); 1st ed.). PT Awfa Smart Media.
PMBOK. (2017). A Guide to the Project Management Body Of Knowledge (Sixth Edit). Project Management Institute, Inc.
Rao, B., Gandhy, A., & Rathod, R. (2013). A Brief View of Project Scheduling Techniques. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2(12), 1555–1559. http://www.ijert.org/browse/volume-2-2013/december-2013-edition?download=6971:a-brief-view-of-project-scheduling-techniques&start=220
Razaque, A., Bach, C., salama, N., & Alotaibi, A. (2012). Fostering Project Scheduling and Controlling Risk Management. 3(14). http://arxiv.org/abs/1210.2021
Sugiyono. (2013). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R&D. ALFABETA.
Syifa Nur Afiya, Ardana Sultan Alhaq, & Kusnadi. (2023). Analisis penerapan manajemen waktu dengan metode CPM pada proyek pembangunan perumahan griya mahari. JENIUS : Jurnal Terapan Teknik Industri, 4(2), 271–283. https://doi.org/10.37373/jenius.v4i2.636
Copyright (c) 2026 Bayu Setiyawan, Siti Nursyamsiah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
