Examining Impact of Managerial Practices and ESG Disclosure on Firm Value in Indonesian Banking Sector
Abstract
Managerial practices and governance are critical to a bank’s success, as damage to customer trust can severely harm its reputation. Under the supervision of the OJK, banks must adhere to sound principles to meet stakeholder needs and maintain customer trust. This study examines the impact of managerial practices and ESG factors on firm value, using panel data regression to assess the significance of each variable. The analysis includes data from 42 conventional banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2020 and 2024. The variables analyzed—loan growth, NPL, RPT, OEI, HCE, independent commissioners, and ESG—are assessed for their effects on firm value. The results indicate that only size and loan growth are not significantly related to firm value, while other factors exhibit significant impacts. These findings suggest that banks should prioritize effective managerial practices, risk management, and a strong focus on ESG to enhance firm value.
Downloads
References
Abdeljawad, I., Rashid, M., Alia, M. A., Qushtom, R., Irshaid, M., & Sahyouni, A. (2024). Cushion hypothesis and credit risk: Islamic versus conventional banks from the MENA region. PLoS ONE, 19(7 July), 1. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0306901
Al Ahmed, A., & Aloutaibi, S. (2025). Intellectual Capital and Bank Performance in GCC: A Comparison of Islamic and Conventional Banks. Advances in Accounting Innovation, 1(2), 119–136. https://doi.org/10.69725/aai.v1i2.197
Albi, R. U., Komalasari, A., & Syaipudin, U. (2025). The Influence of Earnings Quality, Banking Technology, Operational Efficiency, and Non-Performing Loans (NPL) on Firm Value. Journal Economic Resources, 8(1), 315.
Almaqtari, F. A., Farhan, N. H. S., Al-Hattami, H. M., & Elsheikh, T. (2022). The Moderation Role of Board Independence Change in The Relationship between Board Characteristics, Related Party Transactions, and Financial Performance. PLoS ONE, 17(12 December). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279159
Alwi, A., & Fadil, M. sayid. (2023). Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Kredit, Pertumbuhan Laba, Non Performing Loan (NPL) terhadap Harga Saham Perusahaan Perbankan Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi Bisnis, Kewirausahaan, 11(1).
Anis, I., Gani, L., Fauzi, H., Hermawan, A. A., & Adhariani, D. (2023). The Sustainability Awareness of Banking Institutions in Indonesia, Its Implication on Profitability by the Mediating Role of Operational Efficiency. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 8(4), 356–372. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-06-2022-0179
Azizah, H., Putri, A. A., & Astuti, R. P. (2025). Regulasi dan Pengawasan Perbankan oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. Jurnal Penelitian Nusantara, 1(5), 458–461. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59435/menulis.v1i5.294
Bakri, M. A., Jalil, M. I. A., & Hassan, Z. (2022). Can ESG Increase Firm Value in the Banking Institution and Financial Services in Malaysia? An Insight from Social Norm Theory. Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal, 14(3s). www.ussif.org/store_product.asp?prodid=34
Barak, M., & Sharma, R. K. (2024). Does Intellectual Capital Impact the Financial Performance of Indian Public Sector Banks? An Empirical Analysis Using GMM. In Humanities and Social Sciences Communications (Vol. 11, Issue 1). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-02702-5
Bhandari, A., Kohlbeck, M., & Mayhew, B. (2022). Association of Related Party Transactions with Sensitivity of Investments and External Financing. Journal of Corporate Finance, 72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2021.102146
Boussaada, R., Hakimi, A., & Karmani, M. (2023). Non-Performing Loans and Bank Performance: What Role Does Corporate Social Responsibility Play? A System GMM Analysis for European Banks. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 24(5), 859–888. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-10-2021-0283
Chakraborty, I., & Maity, P. (2020). COVID-19 Outbreak: Migration, Effects on Society, Global Environment and Prevention. Science of the Total Environment, 728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138882
Chams, N., García-Blandón, J., & Hassan, K. (2021). Role Reversal! Financial Performance as An Antecedent of ESG: The Moderating Effect of Total Quality Management. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137026
Chiao-Ming Li, Hsu Chi Wang, Chun-Hsin Chou, & Joe-Ming Lee. (2025). The Relationship between Implicit Moral Hazard, Corporate Governance, and Bank Lending Behavior. E&M Economics and Management, 28(1), 189–207. https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2025-1-012
Chowdhury, T., Karim, R. Al, Awanis, A., & Rownak, A. (2024). Does the Size of a Bank Moderate the Relationship Between Income, Asset Diversification, and Bank Stability? International Journal of Financial Studies, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs12040125
Đàng, V. Q., & Lê, N. (2023). Factors Affecting The Business Efficiency of Listed Joint Stock Commercial Banks in Vietnam. Science & Technology Development Journal - Economics - Law and Management. https://doi.org/10.32508/stdjelm.v7i1.1180
Desmiza, D. (2023). Pengaruh Corporate Governance terhadap Nilai Perusahaan (Tobins ’Q) pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Listing di Bursa Efek Indonesia. MUKADIMAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sejarah, Dan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 7(1), 91–99. https://doi.org/10.30743/mkd.v7i1.6558
Farhan, N. H. S., & Almaqtari, F. A. (2023). Market Value and Related Party’s Transactions: A Panel Data approach. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 8(4), 411–424. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-07-2022-0204
Fariha, R., Hossain, M. M., & Ghosh, R. (2022). Board Characteristics, Audit Committee Attributes and Firm Performance: Empirical Evidence from Emerging Economy. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 7(1), 84–96. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-11-2020-0115
Fariska, P., & Khaerunisa, A. (2024). The Moderating Effect of Macroprudential Policies on the Relationship Between the Effectiveness of the Board of Directors in Shaping the Bank’s Risk-Taking Behavior. Almana : Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, 8(2), 231–244. https://doi.org/10.36555/almana.v8i2.2478
Gupta, C. P., & Jain, A. (2022). A Study of Banks’ Systemic Importance and Moral Hazard Behaviour: A Panel Threshold Regression Approach. In Journal of Risk and Financial Management (Vol. 15, Issue 11, pp. 1–23). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15110537
Hadiyati, N. (2021). Illegal Fintech P2P Lending in Indonesia: Addressing the Problem of Over-Indebtedness During the Covid-19 Pandemic. 11(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.23917/jurisprudence.v11i1.14186
Halawa, J., Nasution, F. N., & Fachrudin, K. A. (2024). Analysis the Effect of Company Size, Profitability, Capital Structure and Risk Profile on Firm Value with Dividend Policy as a Moderating in Banking on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (2013-2022). International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/V7-i4-27
Hoang, L. X., Hoang, P. D., & Dang, D. Q. (2020). Growth of Loan Distribution and Bank Valuation: Evidence from Vietnam. Journal of Distribution Science, 18(5), 5–13. https://doi.org/10.15722/jds.18.5.202005.5
Irfan, F., Usman, M., Bashir, Z., & Iqbal, S. (2024). The Power of Governance: Unraveling the Influence of Voluntary Disclosure on Bank’s Value in Pakistan. Corporate Governance (Bingley), 24(6), 1497–1523. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-07-2023-0294
Ishaya, S., Abdulfatah, A., & Yahaya, O. A. (2025). Board Characteristics and Value of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria, Moderated by Ownership Concentration. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), IX(I), 4851. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS
Ito, S. (2024). Robust Corporate Governance Effect on the Corporate Value of Technology Companies. Review of International Comparative Management, 25(3), 501–511. https://doi.org/10.24818/RMCI.2025.3.501
Jagirani, T. S., Chee, L. C., & Kosim, Z. B. (2023a). Board Characteristics and Firm Value: The Moderating Role of Capital Adequacy”. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 20(2), 205–214. https://doi.org/10.21511/imfi.20(2).2023.18
Jagirani, T. S., Chee, L. C., & Kosim, Z. B. (2023b). Determinants of the Firm Value of Listed Banks in Pakistan: A panel Data Approach. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 13(4), 241–250. https://doi.org/10.55493/5002.v13i4.4764
Jallad, R., Tina, A., & Persakis, A. (2025). Mergers and Acquisitions’ Moderating Effect on the Relationship Between Credit Risk and Bank Value: A Quantile Regression Approach. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18020100
Kalkan, G. (2025). The Impact of Non-performing Loans on Bank Profitability : Evidence from Türkiye. Public Governance, Administration and Finances Law Review, 10(1), 121–136. https://doi.org/10.53116/pgaflr.8114
Kamal, I. (2025). Islamic Finance and Welfare Economics: Normative Islamic Welfare State Versus Positive Islamic Finance Mechanisms. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRFM-03-2025-0092
Kansil, L. A., Rate, P. Van, & Tulung, J. E. (2021). Analisis Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2015-2019. Jurnal EMBA, 9, 232–241.
Karim, R., Roshid, M. M., Dhar, B. K., Nahiduzzaman, M., & Kuri, B. C. (2024). Audit Committee Characteristics and Sustainable Firms’ Performance: Evidence From the Financial Sector in Bangladesh. Business Strategy and Development, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.70059
Kasoga, P. S. (2020). Does Investing in Intellectual Capital Improve Financial Performance? Panel Evidence from Firms Listed in Tanzania DSE. Cogent Economics and Finance, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2020.1802815
Lai, W. F., & Goh, K. L. (2025). Loan Loss Provisions and Bank Value in the United States: A Moderation Analysis of Economic Policy Uncertainty. Economics, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/econ-2025-0141
Laratmase, P., Rosdian, Artino, A., Siregar, S. E., & Wahyu Utami, T. (2024). Pengaruh Kredit Perbankan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Hubungannya dengan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat. Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam, 5(7), 4037. https://doi.org/1047467/elmal.v5i7.4273
Mansour, M., Al Zobi, M., Alnohoud, I., Allan, A. A., Khassawneh, A., & Saad, M. (2025). Does Engaging in ESG Practices Improve Banks’ Performance in Jordan? Banks and Bank Systems, 20(1), 62–73. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.20(1).2025.06
Melati, S., Susianti, S., Sari, M. A., Supriadi, R., Akuntansi, P. S., Tinggi, S., Ekonomi, I., & Tanjungpinang, P. (2025). Penyimpangan Etik dan Kegagalan Transparansi Pada Kasus Bank Century. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Ekonomi Dan Akuntansi, 2(Februari), 112–117. https://doi.org/10.62017/jimea
Mulenga, J., Sabat, K. C., & Bhattacharyya, S. S. (2025). Do Corporate Governance Qualities Affect the Performance of Foreign Bank Subsidiaries? A Study in Central and Eastern Europe. The IUP Journal of Corporate Governance, 24(1), 5–31. https://doi.org/10.71329/IUPJCG/2025.24.1.5-31
Mustafa, D. I., Alzebdieh, R. M., Abdullatif, M., & Al Majali, S. A. (2024). Intellectual Capital and Firm Performance of Jordanian Financial Institutions. Banks and Bank Systems, 19(3), 9–22. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.19(3).2024.02
Negara, N. G. P., Ishak, G., & Priambodo, R. E. A. (2024). Impact of ESG Disclosure Score on Firm Value: Empirical Evidence From ESG Listed Company in Indonesia Stock Exchange. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 9(2), 114–118. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2024.9.2.2064
Nsour, E. A. Al, Dahiyat, A. A. Al, & Weshah, S. (2021). Intellectual Capital and Tobin’s Q as Measures of Bank Performance. Accounting, 7(7), 1695–1700. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ac.2021.4.029
Nugroho, A., Kloko, D. E. E., Lestari, H. S., & Farah Margaretha. (2025). Pengaruh Karakteristik Dewan dan Struktur Kepemilikan Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perbankan di Indonesia. Al-Kharaj: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan & Bisnis Syariah, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.47467/alkharaj.v7i4.6513
Olalere, O., Islam, M. A., Junoh, M. Z. M., Yusoff, W. S., & Iqbal, M. M. (2020). Revisiting The Impact Of Intrinsic Financial Risks on The Firm Value of Banks In ASEAN-5 Countries: A Panel Data Approach. Banks and Bank Systems, 15(2), 200–213. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.15(2).2020.18
Oluwakemi, A. A., & Mishelle, D. (2025). Effect of ESG Financial Materiality on Financial Performance of Firms: Does ESG Transparency Matter? Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 18(6), 315. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18060315
Omotoye, O., Adeyemo, K., Omotoye, T., Okeme, F., & Leigh, A. (2021). Audit Committee Attributes, Board Attributes and Market Performance of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. Banks and Bank Systems, 16(1), 168–181. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.16(1).2021.15
Otekunrin, A. O., Doorasamy, M., Wright, O., Aregbesola, O., & Omojola, S. (2024). Financial Performance of Nigerian Deposit Money Banks and Corporate Governance. Banks and Bank Systems, 19(2), 152–160. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.19(2).2024.12
Pokhrel, S., & Poudel, J. (2025). Determinants of Non-Performing Loans in Nepalese Commercial Bank: An Empirical Analysis Bharat Ram Dhungana. Kshitiz Management Review, 1(1), 35–47. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4023-8673ArticleHistory
Prabawati, P. I., & Rahmawati, I. P. (2022). The Effects of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Scores on Firm Values in ASEAN Member Countries. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Auditing Indonesia, 26(2), 2022. https://doi.org/10.20885/jaai.vol26.i
Pracoyo, A., & Ladjadjawa, A. E. C. (2020). Pengaruh Non-Performing Loan, Loan to Deposit Ratio, dan Good Corporate Governance terhadap Profitabilitas (ROA) atau Nilai Perusahaan (Tobin’s Q) periode 2015-2019. Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, dan Perbankan, 6(3), 109–121. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35384/jemp.v6i3.234
Prasad, R., & Mondal, A. (2025). Nexus between ESG Scores and Financial Performance: Evidence from the Indian Banking Sector. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 10(3), 242–257. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-06-2024-0244
Pratama, K., Sulistomo, A., Lestari, H. S., & Margaretha, F. (2025). Banking Health Indicators and Their Impact on Credit Risk in the Indonesian Banking Sector. Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE), 8(2), 3464–3481. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31538/iijse.v8i2.6316
Purnomo, M. H. (2023). Pengaruh Rasio Kecukupan Modal, Pertumbuhan Kredit, Rasio Non Performing Loan terhadap Nilai Perusahaan pada Bank yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Tahun 2018-2022. Jurnal Gici Jurnal Keuangan Dan Bisnis, 15(1), 74–80. https://doi.org/10.58890/jkb.v15i1.74
Rastogi, S., & Singh, K. (2023). The Impact of ESG on the Bank Valuation: Evidence of Moderation by ICT. Journal of Global Responsibility, 14(2), 273–288. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGR-07-2022-0075
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2017). Metode Penelitian untuk Bisnis (6th ed.). Salemba Empat.
Song, B. (2025). Looking Beyond Active Publics: How Public Segmentation Moderates Country-of-Origin Animosity and CSR Impact in Multinational CSR Communication. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCIJ-03-2025-0059
Suandi, E., Reswita, Y., Yoda, T. C., & Febriani, R. (2025). Can Ethics Hinder Innovation? Evidence from Islamic Banking Customers. Journal of Islamic Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-01-2025-0033
Sunardi, A., Nur Afiah, W., Nuranisya Fadlah, S., & Ribawati, E. (2024). Krisis Moneter 1997-1998: Akar Penyebab, Dampak Ekonomi, dan Kebijakan Penanganan Di Indonesia. Sindoro Cendikia Pendidikan, 5(6), 21–30. https://doi.org/10.9644/sindoro.v4i5.3317
Supatmi, S., & Batubara, K. D. (2022). Tunneling and Company Performance in The Financial Industry In Indonesia. Jurnal AKSI (Akuntansi Dan Sistem Informasi), 7(1). https://doi.org/10.32486/aksi.v7i1.228
Sutopo, B. (2025). Apakah Pengungkapan ESG Berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Perbankan? : Studi Empiris Perbankan di Indonesia. Monex-Journal of Accounting Research, 14(1).
Toft, J., & Jenssen, J. I. (2025). Decoding the Pygmalion language of top CEOs: the communication of high positive expectations in CEO letters. Corporate Communications. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCIJ-10-2024-0188
Uswatun Hasanah, & Muniarty, P. (2024). Pengaruh BOPO terhadap ROE pada PT Bank Negara Indonesia Tbk. Journal of Student Research, 2(3), 17–24. https://doi.org/10.55606/jsr.v2i3.2978
Zahrani, V., Rahmadayanti, N., Delani, M., & Maisyarah, R. (2025). Implementation of Good Corporate Governance on Corporate Reputation. Jurnal Akuntansi, Manajemen, dan Perencanaan Kebijakan, 2(4), 8. https://doi.org/10.47134/jampk.v2i4.667
Zheng, C., Khan, M. A. M., Zheng, C., Islam, R., Chowdhury, M. M., & Chowdhury, M. M. (2025). Exploring the Relationship between ESG Performance and Firm Value in Chinese and US Banks. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), 14(1), 01–16. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v14i1.3999
Copyright (c) 2026 Henny Setyo Lestari, Kelvin Pratama, Idrianita Anis

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.















