The Effect of Job Mutation, Work Rotation on Performance with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable in PLN UP3 Situbondo
Abstrak
In the competitive global economy, optimizing human resource performance is crucial. Organizations frequently utilize job transfer and rotation policies to enhance adaptability and skills, yet their impact on employee performance remains inconsistent and warrants deeper investigation. This study aims to analyze the direct effects of job transfer and job rotation on employee performance, as well as their indirect effects through the intervening variable of job satisfaction at PT PLN UP3 Situbondo. A quantitative explanatory approach was employed, using a total sampling technique of 79 permanent employees. Data was collected via questionnaire and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the SmartPLS application. The results indicate that both job transfer and job rotation have a significant positive direct effect on employee performance. Furthermore, both variables also positively influence job satisfaction, which in turn significantly enhances performance. Importantly, job satisfaction is proven to act as a partial mediating variable in the relationship between both HR practices and employee performance. These findings emphasize the critical role of strategic implementation of transfer and rotation, supported by measures to increase job satisfaction, for improving overall employee productivity
##plugins.generic.usageStats.downloads##
Referensi
Ahmadi, M., Choobineh, A., Mousavizadeh, A., & Daneshmandi, H. (2022). Physical and psychological workloads and their association with occupational fatigue among hospital service personnel. In BMC Health Services Research (Vol. 22, Issue 1). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08530-0
Al-Shboul, M. A., Al-Etan, S. M., Albahsh, R., & Al-Dalahmeh, M. (2022). Enhancing Firm’S Performance: the Effect of Human Resources in Supply Chains and Job Rotation Practice. In Journal of Governance and Regulation (Vol. 11, Issue 2, pp. 159–172). irbis-nbuv.gov.ua. https://doi.org/10.22495/jgrv11i2art14
Anadiyah, N., & Hidayati, R. A. (2023). Dampak Rotasi Kerja Terhadap Efektivitas Kinerja Karyawan Di Pt. Pos Indonesia Malang. Journal of Management and Creative Business, 1(1), 193–205. https://jurnaluniv45sby.ac.id/index.php/jmcbus/article/view/570
Arnold, M., & Rigotti, T. (2023). How’s the boss? Integration of the health-oriented leadership concept into the job demands-resources theory. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 38(6), 419–433. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-01-2023-0030
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2017). Job demands–resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward. … of Occupational Health Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000056
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2024). Job Demands–Resources Theory: Frequently Asked Questions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 29(3), 188–200. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000376
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Sanz-Vergel, A. (2023). Job Demands-Resources Theory: Ten Years Later. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 10, 25–53. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-120920-053933
Battini, D., Berti, N., Finco, S., Zennaro, I., & Das, A. (2022). Towards industry 5.0: A multi-objective job rotation model for an inclusive workforce. In International Journal of Production Economics (Vol. 250). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2022.108619
Bledsoe, A. M. N. J. A. M. K. L. (2025). Assumptions: Complexity, Practice and Values (A. M. Nkwake, J. A. Morell, & K. L. Bledsoe (Eds.)). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80592-246-9
Cherotich, S., Rop, D. W., & Bett, D. A. (2021). The Relationship between Job Rotation and Employee Performance in Level-Four Hospitals within the South-Rift region in Kenya. In International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) (Vol. 11, Issue 9). academia.edu. https://doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.11.09.2021.p11718
Chuang, Y. T., Chiang, H. L., & Lin, A. P. (2025). Insights from the Job Demands–Resources Model: AI’s dual impact on employees’ work and life well-being. International Journal of Information Management, 83, 102887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2025.102887
Demerouti, E., & Bakker, A. B. (2023). Job demands-resources theory in times of crises: New propositions. Organizational Psychology Review, 13(3), 209–236. https://doi.org/10.1177/20413866221135022
Fircks, E. von. (2025). Jonas Cohn’s philosophical psychology: The path to a dignified personality. In Theory & Psychology. SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.1177/09593543251381231
Firman, A., Latief, F., & Dirwan, D. (2022). Dampak Pelatihan Mutasi dan Rotasi Kerja Terhadap Motivasi Kerja Pegawai. Jurnal Manajemen STIE Muhammadiyah Palopo, 8(2), 265. https://doi.org/10.35906/jurman.v8i2.1232
Fohim, E. (2025). Decolonizing Management and Organization Studies (E. Fohim (Ed.)). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83608-638-3
Foroutan, T., Safavi, H. P., & Bouzari, M. (2021). The ugly side of job rotation. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 95, 102929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102929
Jackson, J. A., Sund, M., Barlari Lobos, G., Melin, L., & Mathiassen, S. E. (2023). Assessing the efficacy of a job rotation for improving occupational physical and psychosocial work environment, musculoskeletal health, social equality, production quality and resilience at a commercial laundromat: protocol for a longitudinal case study. BMJ Open, 13(5). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067633
Khan, M., Kumari, A., Ather, D., & Jain, V. (2025). HR 5.0 Adapting to the AI-Enhanced WorkforceAvailable to Purchase (M. Khan, A. Kumari, D. Ather, & V. Jain (Eds.)). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83662-066-2
Mantouw, G., Pio, R., & Punuindoong, A. (2022). Pengaruh Mutasi dan Promosi Jabatan Terhadap Kepuasan kerja karyawan PT. Pegadaian (Persero) Cabang Girian Kota Bitung. Productivity, 3(1), 54–60. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/productivity/article/view/37990
Mura, M. D., & Dini, G. (2022). Job rotation and human–robot collaboration for enhancing ergonomics in assembly lines by a genetic algorithm. In International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (Vol. 118, Issues 9–10, pp. 2901–2914). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-08068-1
Nuutinen, S., Ahola, S., Eskelinen, J., & Kuula, M. (2022). How job resources influence employee productivity and technology-enabled performance in financial services: the job demands–resources model perspective. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness, 9(2), 233–252. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-01-2021-0014
Purser, G., Delbridge, R., Helfen, M., & Pekarek, A. (2025). Employability: Ideology, Policy, and PracticeAvailable to Purchase (G. Purser, R. Delbridge, M. Helfen, & A. Pekarek (Eds.)). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83708-104-2
Syifa, Y., M. Yafiz, M. Y., & Hasibuan, R. R. A. (2023). Pengaruh Work Family Conflict Dan Beban Kerja Terhadap Turnover Intention Dengan Stress Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening. El-Amwal, 6(2), 155. https://doi.org/10.29103/el-amwal.v6i2.12889
von Fircks, E. (2025). Culture and Leadership: From Approximation Towards SymbiosisAvailable to Purchase (E. von Fircks (Ed.)). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83708-974-1
Wu, F., Ren, Z., Wang, Q., He, M., Xiong, W., Ma, G., Fan, X., Guo, X., Liu, H., & Zhang, X. (2021). The relationship between job stress and job burnout: the mediating effects of perceived social support and job satisfaction. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 26(2), 204–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2020.1778750
Zuana, M. M. M., Toha, M., & Isbahi, M. B. (2024). Exploration of Community Empowerment in a Village as the Entrance to a Lake in East Java. Malacca: Journal of Management and Business Development , 1(1), 47–55. https://doi.org/10.69965/malacca.v1i1.52
##submission.copyrightStatement##
##submission.license.cc.by-sa4.footer##Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
