The Effect of Transformational Leadership, Job Training, and Work Safety on Employee Performance Through Quality of Work Life of Employees of PT Swadaya Graha
Keywords:
Transformational Leadership, Job Training, Work Safety, Employee Performance, Quality of Work Life
Abstract
This study aims to examine and analyze the effects of Transformational Leadership, Job Training, and Work Safety on employee performance, with Quality of Work Life as a mediating variable among employees of PT Swadaya Graha assigned to the PT Amman Mineral mining site in West Nusa Tenggara. This research adopts a quantitative approach with a causal and comparative design. The population of this study consists of all employees of PT Swadaya Graha, with a total sample of 185 respondents selected using a saturated sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with the assistance of SmartPLS version 3.0.The results indicate that Transformational Leadership, Job Training, and Work Safety have positive and significant effects on employee performance. These findings suggest that inspirational leadership, effective job training, and well-implemented work safety practices contribute to improved employee performance. However, Quality of Work Life does not significantly mediate the relationship between Transformational Leadership and employee performance. Meanwhile, Work Safety has a positive and significant effect on employee performance through Quality of Work Life, whereas Job Training does not show a significant indirect effect through Quality of Work Life. These results highlight the critical role of work safety in enhancing employees’ quality of work life and sustaining long-term performance.
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References
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Ghozali., I. 2018. Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program IBM SPSS 25. 9th ed. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro. Semarang.
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Leitão., J., Pereira., D., & Gonçalves., Â. 2019. Quality of work life and organizational performance: Workers’ feelings of contributing, or not, to the organization’s productivity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16(20): 3803.
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. 1990. A theory of goal setting and task performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. 2002. Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey. American Psychologist. 57(9): 705–717.
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. 2019. The development of goal setting theory: A half century retrospective. Motivation Science. 5(2): 93–105.
Lunenburg, F. C. 2011. Goal-setting theory of motivation. International Journal of Management, Business, and Administration. 15(1): 1–6.
Mangkunegara, A., A., A., P. 2017. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Perusahaan. Bandung. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Mehale., T. 2021. Maximising training evaluation for employee performance improvement. African Journal of Human Resource Management: 15(1), 1–12.
Mutegi., J., Mwangi., L., & Kamau., P. 2023. Workplace safety and employee productivity of manufacturing firms in Kenya. African Journal of Business Management 17(4): 212–225.
Mustovani, I., & Suhermin. 2023. Pengaruh K3, disiplin kerja dan motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan. Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis 8(1): 55–66.
Nawawi., H. 2016. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Untuk Perusahaan. Gajah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta.
Nunnally., J., C. & Bernstein., I., H. 1994. Psychometric Theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill. New York.
Northouse., P., G. 2016. Leadership: Theory and Practice. 7th ed. CA: Sage Publications. Thousand Oaks.
Prawirosentono., S. 2002. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia: Kebijakan Kinerja Karyawan. BPFE-Yogyakarta. Jakarta.
Prayogi, D., & Suhermin. (2023). Pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional dan komitmen organisasi terhadap motivasi kerja dan kinerja karyawan. Jurnal Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia 12(1): 45–56.
Priansa., D., J. 2016. Perilaku Organisasi. Alfabeta. Bandung.
Robbins., S., P. and Coulter, M. 2016. Management. 13th ed. Pearson Education. Boston.
Robbins., S., P. and Judge., T., A. 2013. Essentials of Organizational Behavior. 11th ed. Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River.
Robbins., S., P. and Judge., T., A. 2017. Organizational Behavior. 17th Edition. Pearson Education Limited. Upper Saddle River.
Saudi., S., Abdullah., A., & Rahman., M. 2021. The relationship between motivation, training, and job suitability with employee performance: A study of employees in the private sector. Asian Journal of Business and Management 9(2): 58–72.
Sedarmayanti. 2011. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia: Reformasi Birokrasi dan Manajemen Pegawai Negeri Sipil. Refika Aditama. Bandung.
Siagian., S., P. 2015. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Bumi Aksara. Jakarta.
Soejipto. 2017. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia: Teori Dan Aplikasi. Graha Ilmu. Yogyakarta.
Soleharti, I., Dan Suhermin. 2019. Pengaruh kualitas kehidupan kerja dan stres kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja dan disiplin kerja pada PT. Infomedia Nusantara di Surabaya. Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis 2019(1): 32–48.
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Sugiyono. 2018. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta. Bandung.
Suhermin. 2019. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Bina Prima Jaya. Surabaya.
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Suma’mur., P., K. 2009. Higiene Perusahaan dan Kesehatan Kerja (Hiperkes). Sagung Seto. Jakarta.
Ullah, I., Rahman, S. U., & Shah, B. 2018. Role of transformational leadership style on employee job performance among high and low ranking institutions of higher education of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Journal of Education and Educational Development 5(1): 154–170.
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 1970 Tentang Keselamatan Kerja. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1970 Nomor 1. Jakarta.
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 Tentang Ketenagakerjaan. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2003 Nomor 39. Jakarta.
Umar., H. 2011. Metode Penelitian untuk Skripsi dan Tesis Bisnis. Raja Grafindo Persada. Jakarta.
Vinodkumar., M., N. & Bhasi., M. 2010. Safety management practices and safety behaviour: Assessing the mediating role of safety knowledge and motivation. Accident Analysis & Prevention 42(6): 2082-2093.
Wahyuningsih., S. 2019. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Deepublish. Yogyakarta.
Wardani, N. K., & Suhermin. 2022. Pengaruh kemampuan, pelatihan dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan office PT. SMART Tbk. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Indonesia 10(2): 112–120.
Wibowo., A. 2016. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Untuk Perusahaan. Rajawali Pers. Jakarta.
World Health Organization (WHO). 1984. The Promotion and Maintenance of Occupational Health. Technical Report Series No. 714. WHO. Geneva.
Yukl, G. 2010. Leadership in Organizations. 7th ed. Pearson Education. Inc. New Jersey.
Zgair., A. A., Hassan., M. K., & Al-Maliki., N. H. 2023. The relationship of occupational safety management practices with employee performance: The mediating role of organisational justice. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics 29(2): 412–423.
Afandi., P. 2018. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia: Teori, Konsep dan Indikator. Zanafa Publishing. Pekanbaru.
Azwar., S. 2012. Reliabilitas dan Validitas. Pustaka Pelajar. Yogyakarta.
Baczyńska, A. 2024. Servant leadership and employees' work safety behavior: The moderating role of corporate social responsibility to employees. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 29(1): 45–62.
Bandura, A., 1986. Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Bangun., W. 2012. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Erlangga. Jakarta.
Buntarto., A. 2015. Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja. Graha Ilmu. Yogyakarta.
Chen., Z., Miao., Q., & Hou., Y. 2018. Is transformational leadership always good for employee task performance? Examining curvilinear and moderated relationships. Journal of Organizational Behavior 39(9): 1167–1184.
Chin., W., W. 1998. The Partial Least Squares Approach to Structural Equation Modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides. Modern Methods for Business Research. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Mahwah, NJ.
Davis., K., & Newstrom, J., W. 2002. Human behavior at work: Organizational behavior. 11th ed. McGraw-Hill. New York.
Davis., R., L. 2023. Transformational leadership: Exploring its impact on job satisfaction, job performance, and employee empowerment. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies 30(2): 112–127.
Dessler., G. 2015. Human resource management. 14th ed. Pearson Education Limited.
Fatkhurrozi, T., & Mugiyati. (2024). Efficiency and Accessibility of Sharia Home Financing for Millennials: A Study of BSI’s Griya Si Muda Program vs BTN iB Property . BANCO: Jurnal Manajemen Dan Perbankan Syariah, 6(2), 135-149. https://doi.org/10.35905/banco.v6i2.
Gayathri., R., Kumar., A., & Patil., D. 2021. Quality of Work Life factors affects employee performance & employee satisfaction. International Journal of Management 12(3): 45–55.
Ghozali., I. 2018. Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program IBM SPSS 25. 9th ed. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro. Semarang.
Ghozali, I., & Latan, H. 2020. Partial Least Squares: Konsep, Teknik dan Aplikasi Menggunakan SmartPLS 3.0. 3rd ed. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro. Semarang.
Goetsch., D., L. 2019. Occupational Safety and Health for Technologists, Engineers, and Managers. 9th ed. Pearson. New York.
Hadiningrum., S. 2008. Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja. Graha Ilmu. Yogyakarta.
Hafidulloh., Budiyanto., & Suhermin. (2017). Effect of transformational leadership, incentive giving, professional development of work discipline and teacher performance: SMK Ma'arif Surabaya Indonesia. Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi YAPAN & STIESIA Surabaya.
Hair., J., F., Hult., G., T., M., Ringle., C., M., & Sarstedt., M. 2017. A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). 2nd ed. SAGE Publications. Thousand Oaks, CA.
Hasibuan., M., S., P. 2016. Manajemen: Dasar, pengertian, dan masalah. Bumi Aksara. Jakarta.
Hasibuan., M., S., P. 2019. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Bumi Aksara. Jakarta.
Heinrich., H., W. 1980. Industrial Accident Prevention: A Safety Management Approach. 5th ed. McGraw-Hill. New York
Hermawati., A., & Mas., N. 2016. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Pustaka Baru Press. Yogyakarta.
International Labour Organization (ILO). 1981. Occupational Safety and Health Convention, No. 155. ILO. Geneva.
Ishfaq., M., Ullah., R., Al-Ghazali., B., M. & Irfan., M. 2022. Quality of Work Life (QWL) and its impact on the performance of the banking industry in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Business and Management 17(3): 45–60.
Jannati, F. I., & Suhermin. 2022. Pengaruh kompetensi, disiplin kerja dan keselamatan kesehatan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. Jurnal Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia 10(2): 75–86.
Kasmir. 2018. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia (Teori dan Praktik). PT Raja Grafindo Persada. Jakarta.
Kuswana., M. 2014. Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja. Prenadamedia Group. Jakarta.
Lama., S., Shrestha., R., & Koirala., P. 2024. Empowerment, motivation, and training: Key drivers of employee performance in information technology sector. Journal of Human Resource Management 12(1): 23–37.
Leitão., J., Pereira., D., & Gonçalves., Â. 2019. Quality of work life and organizational performance: Workers’ feelings of contributing, or not, to the organization’s productivity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16(20): 3803.
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. 1990. A theory of goal setting and task performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. 2002. Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey. American Psychologist. 57(9): 705–717.
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. 2019. The development of goal setting theory: A half century retrospective. Motivation Science. 5(2): 93–105.
Lunenburg, F. C. 2011. Goal-setting theory of motivation. International Journal of Management, Business, and Administration. 15(1): 1–6.
Mangkunegara, A., A., A., P. 2017. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Perusahaan. Bandung. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Mehale., T. 2021. Maximising training evaluation for employee performance improvement. African Journal of Human Resource Management: 15(1), 1–12.
Mutegi., J., Mwangi., L., & Kamau., P. 2023. Workplace safety and employee productivity of manufacturing firms in Kenya. African Journal of Business Management 17(4): 212–225.
Mustovani, I., & Suhermin. 2023. Pengaruh K3, disiplin kerja dan motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan. Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis 8(1): 55–66.
Nawawi., H. 2016. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Untuk Perusahaan. Gajah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta.
Nunnally., J., C. & Bernstein., I., H. 1994. Psychometric Theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill. New York.
Northouse., P., G. 2016. Leadership: Theory and Practice. 7th ed. CA: Sage Publications. Thousand Oaks.
Prawirosentono., S. 2002. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia: Kebijakan Kinerja Karyawan. BPFE-Yogyakarta. Jakarta.
Prayogi, D., & Suhermin. (2023). Pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional dan komitmen organisasi terhadap motivasi kerja dan kinerja karyawan. Jurnal Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia 12(1): 45–56.
Priansa., D., J. 2016. Perilaku Organisasi. Alfabeta. Bandung.
Robbins., S., P. and Coulter, M. 2016. Management. 13th ed. Pearson Education. Boston.
Robbins., S., P. and Judge., T., A. 2013. Essentials of Organizational Behavior. 11th ed. Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River.
Robbins., S., P. and Judge., T., A. 2017. Organizational Behavior. 17th Edition. Pearson Education Limited. Upper Saddle River.
Saudi., S., Abdullah., A., & Rahman., M. 2021. The relationship between motivation, training, and job suitability with employee performance: A study of employees in the private sector. Asian Journal of Business and Management 9(2): 58–72.
Sedarmayanti. 2011. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia: Reformasi Birokrasi dan Manajemen Pegawai Negeri Sipil. Refika Aditama. Bandung.
Siagian., S., P. 2015. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Bumi Aksara. Jakarta.
Soejipto. 2017. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia: Teori Dan Aplikasi. Graha Ilmu. Yogyakarta.
Soleharti, I., Dan Suhermin. 2019. Pengaruh kualitas kehidupan kerja dan stres kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja dan disiplin kerja pada PT. Infomedia Nusantara di Surabaya. Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis 2019(1): 32–48.
Stoner., J., A., F., Freeman., R., E., & Gilbert., D., R. 1995. Management. 6th ed. Prentice Hall. Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Sugiyono. 2018. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta. Bandung.
Suhermin. 2019. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Bina Prima Jaya. Surabaya.
Suhermin, Rahayu, R., Zahro, M., Shabrie, W. S., & Suryawirawan, O. A. 2023. Employee performance in the nexus of leadership agility, perceived organizational support, organizational commitment and readiness for change. International Journal of Business and Management Studies 15(2): 101–115.
Suhermin, Palupi, D., & Faisal, M. 2025. Spiritual intelligence and work-family conflict: Exploring the role of happiness at work and work-life balance. European Journal of Studies in Management and Business 2025(3) 18–32.
Suma’mur., P., K. 2009. Higiene Perusahaan dan Kesehatan Kerja (Hiperkes). Sagung Seto. Jakarta.
Ullah, I., Rahman, S. U., & Shah, B. 2018. Role of transformational leadership style on employee job performance among high and low ranking institutions of higher education of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Journal of Education and Educational Development 5(1): 154–170.
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 1970 Tentang Keselamatan Kerja. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1970 Nomor 1. Jakarta.
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 Tentang Ketenagakerjaan. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2003 Nomor 39. Jakarta.
Umar., H. 2011. Metode Penelitian untuk Skripsi dan Tesis Bisnis. Raja Grafindo Persada. Jakarta.
Vinodkumar., M., N. & Bhasi., M. 2010. Safety management practices and safety behaviour: Assessing the mediating role of safety knowledge and motivation. Accident Analysis & Prevention 42(6): 2082-2093.
Wahyuningsih., S. 2019. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Deepublish. Yogyakarta.
Wardani, N. K., & Suhermin. 2022. Pengaruh kemampuan, pelatihan dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan office PT. SMART Tbk. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Indonesia 10(2): 112–120.
Wibowo., A. 2016. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Untuk Perusahaan. Rajawali Pers. Jakarta.
World Health Organization (WHO). 1984. The Promotion and Maintenance of Occupational Health. Technical Report Series No. 714. WHO. Geneva.
Yukl, G. 2010. Leadership in Organizations. 7th ed. Pearson Education. Inc. New Jersey.
Zgair., A. A., Hassan., M. K., & Al-Maliki., N. H. 2023. The relationship of occupational safety management practices with employee performance: The mediating role of organisational justice. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics 29(2): 412–423.
Published
2026-07-14
How to Cite
Ikhsan, M., & Suhermin, S. (2026). The Effect of Transformational Leadership, Job Training, and Work Safety on Employee Performance Through Quality of Work Life of Employees of PT Swadaya Graha. Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE), 9(2), 16293-16306. https://doi.org/10.31538/iijse.v9i2.9594
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Copyright (c) 2026 Mokhammad Fatikhul Ikhsan, Suhermin Suhermin
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