The Influence of Servant Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behavior from an Islamic Perspective: The Mediating Roles of Job Satisfaction and Emotional Intelligence (A Study of Islamic Junior High Schools in Sleman, Yogyakarta)
Keywords:
Servant Leadership, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Emotional Intelligence, Job Satisfaction, Islamic Perspective, Islamic Educational Institutions
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of servant leadership on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) from an Islamic perspective, with emotional intelligence and job satisfaction as mediating variables among employees of State Islamic Junior High Schools (Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri, MTsN) in Sleman Regency, Indonesia. A quantitative approach was employed, with data collected from 112 employees through structured questionnaires and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The findings indicate that servant leadership does not have a significant direct effect on OCB, suggesting that extra-role behaviors in Islamic educational institutions are primarily driven by intrinsic and spiritual motivations. However, servant leadership positively and significantly influences job satisfaction and emotional intelligence, both of which enhance OCB. Mediation analysis shows that emotional intelligence plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between servant leadership and OCB, whereas job satisfaction does not. These results underscore the importance of emotional intelligence as a key mechanism through which servant leadership fosters voluntary, prosocial, and value-based behaviors in an Islamic context. This study contributes empirical evidence to the literature on Islamic-based OCB and provides practical insights for human resource management in religious educational institutions.
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References
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Almahdali, F., Natsir, S., Hasanuddin, B., & Husnah. (2021). The Effect of Servant Leadership, Emotional Intelligence, and Self-Efficacy on Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Employee Performance of State-Owned Banks in Palu City. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 8(5), 682–694. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i5.2683
Aruoren, E. E., & Erhuen, E. P. (2023). Servant Leadership and Job Satisfaction: Mediatory Role of Perceived Organizational Support. European Journal of Business and Management, 15(8). https://doi.org/10.7176/ejbm/15-8-05
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Dami, Z. A., Imron, A., Burhanuddin, B., & Supriyanto, A. (2022). Servant leadership and job satisfaction: The mediating role of trust and leader-member exchange. Frontiers in Education, 7(December), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.1036668
Demissie, A. D., Alemu, A. E., & Tensay, A. T. (2024). Servant Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Politics and the Moderating Role of Political Skill in Public Service Organizations. In Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal (Issue January). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10672-023-09486-x
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Elvina, Y., Hsu, C. E., & Chang, Y. (2023). How Work Duration, Job Satisfaction, and Life Satisfaction Effect Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) In Taiwan: Case of Indonesian Migrant Worker. International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS), 3(3), 74–85. https://doi.org/10.53893/ijrvocas.v3i3.25
Emmerling, R., & Goleman, D. (2005). Leading with Emotion. Leadership Excellence, 9–10.
Eva, N., Robin, M., Sendjaya, S., van Dierendonck, D., & Liden, R. C. (2019). Servant Leadership: A systematic review and call for future research. Leadership Quarterly, 30(1), 111–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.07.004
Fathkhurrahman, H. I., Mohyi, A., & Muammal, I. (2024). The Influence of Servant Leadership and Compensation on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) with Job Satisfaction as a Mediation Variable. Jamanika Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.22219/jamanika.v4i3.36126
Greenleaf, R. K. (1998). The power of servant-leadership. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2022). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R: A Workbook. Switzerland: Springer Cham. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2022.2108813
Hanaysha, J. R., Kumar, V. V. A., & Paramaiah, M. I. (2022). Direct and Indirect Effects Of Servant and Ethical Leadership Styles on Employee Creativity: Mediating Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research, 40(1), 79–98. https://doi.org/10.1108/AGJSR-04-2022-0033
Heryudanto, T. D., & Suratman, A. (2022). Pengaruh Komitmen dan Komunikasi terhadap Kinerja dengan Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) sebagai Variabel Intervening pada Project Child Indonesia. Selekta Manajemen: Jurnal Mahasiswa Bisnis & Majemen, 1(6), 23–45.
Idris, Nanang, A. S., Soejipto, B. E., & Supriyanto, A. S. (2021). Predicting Factors Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Indonesian Nurses. Heliyon, 7(December). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08652
Kamil, N. M., Sulaiman, M., Osman-Gani, A. M., & Ahmad, K. (2014). Investigating the Dimensionality of Organisational Citizenship Behaviour from Islamic perspective (OCBIP): Empirical Analysis of Business Organisations in Southeast Asia. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 19(1), 17–46.
Kumari, K., Abbas, J., Hwang, J., & Cioca, L. I. (2022). Does Servant Leadership Promote Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Employees ? A Structural Analysis. Sustainability, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095231
Liu, Z., Chen, C., Cui, H., & Hu, Y. (2023). The Relationship Between Nurses’ Social Network Degree Centrality and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Multiple Mediating Effects of Job Satisfaction and Work Engagement. Heliyon, 9(9), e19612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19612
Locke, E. A. (1976). The Nature and Causes of Job Satisfaction. Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology.
Ludin, I., & Mukti, S. (2023). The Influence of Servant Leadership and Organizational Commitment on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) of Employee of Minhajul Haq Islamic Boarding School Purwakarta. Muttaqien; Indonesian Journal of Multidiciplinary Islamic Studies, 4(2), 83–98. https://doi.org/10.52593/mtq.04.2.01
Malik, A. A., Muneeb, D., Khan, N., Usman, M., & Latif, K. F. (2022). The Nexus of Servant Leadership and Project Success: The Mediation of Emotional Intelligence and Job Stress And Moderation of Team Effectiveness. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 43(8), 1186–1200. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-07-2021-0339
Meniado, J. C. (2020). Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Emotional Intelligence of EFL Teachers in Saudi Arabia: Implications to Teaching Performance and Institutional Effectiveness. Arab World English Journal, 11(4), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol11no4.1
Muafi, M., Siswanti, Y., & Anwar, M. Z. (2021). Work life balance in Islamic perspective (WLBIP) and its impact on organizational citizenship behavior in islamic perspective (OCBIP) and service performance. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), 10(3), 223–230. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i3.1150
Nazarian, A., Rodríguez Molina, M. A., Velayati, R., Ruiz-Alba, J. L., & Atkinson, P. (2025). Trust in leader and positive employee outcomes: To transform or to serve in cross-cultural leadership. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 25(1), 159–182. https://doi.org/10.1177/14705958241296322
Nguyen, H. H., Duong, C. H., Giang, T. T., & Nguyen, P. N.-D. (2025). From Being Served to Serving: How Servant Leadership Fosters Organizational Citizenship Behavior in the Digital Era. SAGE Open, 15(3), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251365790
Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Organ, D. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (2006). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Its Nature, Antecedents, and Consequences. California: Sage Publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1984.tb04318.x
Pahlawan, R. (2023). Quality Work of Life Dalam Meningkatkan Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Dan Kinerja Karyawan. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 20(1), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.31849/jieb.v20i1.12839
Rusadi, R. A. C., Kurniawan, A. W., Ruma, Z., Anwar, A., & Hamka, R. A. (2025). Pengaruh Motivasi Intrinsik dan Work-Life Balance terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior pada Pegawai Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Jeneponto. RIGGS: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business, 4(3), 5469–5476. https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v4i3.2793
Sabonete, S. A., Lopes, H. S. C., Rosado, D. P., & Reis, J. C. G. Dos. (2021). Quality of Work Life According to Walton’s Model: Case Study of the Higher Institute of Defense Studies of Mozambique. Social Sciences, 10(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10070244
Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional Intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9(3), 185–211. https://doi.org/10.2190/DUGG-P24E-52WK-6CDG
Saputra, Z. (2024). Fleksibilitas Kerja Dan OCB Islam Perspektif Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan : Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Mediasi. Jurnal Ekonomi Untar, 29(03), 506–527. https://doi.org/10.24912/je.v29i3.2570
Smith, C. A., Organ, D. W., & Near, J. P. (1983). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68(4), 653–663. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.68.4.653
Spector, P. E. (1997). Job Satisfaction: Application, Assessment, Cause, and Consequences. Sage Publications.
Suratman, A., Suhartini, S., & Palupi, M. (2021). The Impact of Psychological Climate and Self-Resilience on Employee Performance During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Empirical Study in Indonesia. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(5). https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no5.1019
Sutanto, E. M., & Hoo, V. R. B. S. (2025). Servant Leadership: Its Role on Organizational Citizenship Behavior through Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment. Jurnal Manajemen Indonesia, 24(3), 267–283. https://doi.org/10.25124/jmi.v24i3.6339
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Published
2026-05-02
How to Cite
Fikry, Z., & Suratman, A. (2026). The Influence of Servant Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behavior from an Islamic Perspective: The Mediating Roles of Job Satisfaction and Emotional Intelligence (A Study of Islamic Junior High Schools in Sleman, Yogyakarta). Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE), 9(2), 10756-10775. https://doi.org/10.31538/iijse.v9i2.9648
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Articles
Copyright (c) 2026 Zulfikar Fikry, Andriyastuti Suratman
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