EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT MEDIATION MODEL: AN ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF WORK CULTURE AND LEADERSHIP ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ASN IN SITUBONDO REGENCY GOVERNMENT
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the role of employee engagement as a mediating variable in the influence of work culture and leadership on the performance of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) within the Situbondo Regency Government, considering that there are still problems with ASN performance that are not optimal. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach with a population of 6,904 employees, and a research sample of 100 respondents was determined using the Slovin formula with purposive sampling techniques. Data was collected through questionnaires, interviews, observations, and literature studies, then analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the WarpPLS 8.0 application. The results of the study show that work culture has a significant effect on employee engagement and employee performance, while leadership does not have a significant effect on employee engagement but has a significant effect directly on employee performance. Employee engagement has been proven to have a significant effect on employee performance and is able to mediate the influence of work culture on ASN performance significantly. In contrast, employee engagement is not able to mediate the influence of leadership on employee performance. These findings indicate that a positive work culture is a key factor in building employee attachment which further has an impact on improving ASN performance. This research provides practical implications for the Situbondo Regency Government to prioritize strengthening work culture and increasing employee engagement as the main strategy in improving the performance of ASN in a sustainable manner
Downloads
References
Ababneh, O. M. A. (2020). The impact of organizational culture archetypes on quality performance and total quality management: the role of employee engagement and individual values. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQRM-05-2020-0178
Abid, M. (2024). The Influence Of Organizational Culture And Job Satisfaction On Employee Performance. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 3(1), 65–73. https://doi.org/10.56127/ijml.v3i1.1227
Airyq, I. M., Hubeis, A. V. S., & Sukmawati, A. (2023). The influence of competence, leadership and organizational culture on human resource performance. Journal of Business and Management Applications (JABM).
Andriprianto, H. F. A., & Maridjo, H. (2022). The influence of employee engagement, work spirituality, and organizational culture on employee performance is moderated by the leadership of the principal. Missio Journal of Education and Culture, 14(1), 62–72. https://doi.org/10.36928/jpkm.v14i1.893
Anggraini, R., Rosidi, M. E., & Dewi, N. N. (2020). The Influence of Organizational Culture, Work Morale, Work Discipline on Work Motivation and Permanent Employee Performance at PT. Rama Emerald Multi Success. IQTISHADequity journal MANAGEMENT, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.51804/IEJ.V1I1.358
Arief, R., & Sunaryo. (2020). The Effect of the Implementation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), Leadership Style, and Internal Audit on Employee Performance (Case Study on PT. Mega Pesanggrahan Indah). Journal of Economics and Management, 9(2), 125–143.
Arikunto, S. (2021). Rosedur Research: A Practical Approach (revised edition). Rineka Cipta.
Armstrong, M., & Taylor, S. (2020). Armstrong's Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice (15th ed.). Kogan Page.
Bakker, A. B., & Albrecht, S. L. (2020). Work engagement: Current trends. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5, 63–88. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012119-044917
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The Job Demands–Resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309–328.
Cameron, K. S., & Quinn, R. E. (2021). Diagnosing and Changing Organizational Culture: Based on the Competing Values Framework. John Wiley & Sons.
Demerouti, E., & Bakker, A. B. (2023). Job demands-resource theory in times of crises: New propositions. Organizational Psychology Review, 13(3), 209–236. https://doi.org/10.1177/20413866221135022
Dessler, G. (2020). Human Resource Management (16th ed.). Pearson.
Dunan, H., & Arisma, A. (2023). The Influence of Leadership and Work Environment on Employee Engagement of PTPN VII Kedaton Bandar Lampung Employees. Journal of Technology Economics and Management, 7(2), 538–546.
Dunan, H., & Ningrum, B. S. (2025). The Influence of Employee Engagement and Organizational Commitment on Employee Performance at the Simpur Underwear Diamond Shop. eCo-Fin, 7(1), 166–177. https://doi.org/10.32877/EF.V7I1.2007
Fachrurazi, Rezeki, F., & Dirhamsyah. (2020). The Influence of Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance through Work Engagement and Organizational Culture at PT TOA Bekasi. Journal of Administration and Management, 247–255.
Fadjarajani, S., Rosali, E. S., Patimah, S., Liriwati, F. Y., & ... (2020). Research Methodology with a Multidisciplinary Approach. ideas publishing.
Ferdinand, A. (2020). Management Research Methods. BP University. Diponegoro.
Ghozali, I. (2021a). Applications of Multivariate Analysis with IBM SPSS 26 Program (10th ed.). Publishing Agency of Diponegoro University.
Ghozali, I. (2021b). Structural Equation Modeling: An Alternative Method with Partial Least Square (PLS) (4th ed.). Diponegoro University.
Gibson, J. L., Ivancevich, J. M., & Donnelly, J. H. (2021). Organizations: Behavior, Structure, Processes. McGraw-Hill Education.
Hamzah, A., & Sitorus, G. (2021). The Role of Employee Engagement in Mediating the Influence of Organizational Culture and Leadership Style on Employee Performance at the Head Office of PT. Pertamina Retail. Journal of Independent Satya: Management & Business, 7(2), 91–124.
Hasibuan, M. S. P. (2020). Human Resource Management (Revised Edition). The Earth of Scripts.
Isbahi, M. B., Zuana, M. M. M., & Toha, M. (2024). The Multi-Social Relation of the Cattle Industry in the Plaosan Subdistrict Animal Market of Magetan Regency. Malacca: Journal of Management and Business Development, 1(1), 31–46. https://doi.org/10.69965/malacca.v1i1.51
Jabid, A. W., & Suci, R. P. (2022). International Human Resource Management. Litnus.
Junaidi, & Marantika, A. (2022). Analysis of Work Culture, Work Environment, Performance Allowances and Their Effects on Job Satisfaction and Implications on Employee Performance. eCo-Fin, 4(3), 143–160. https://doi.org/10.32877/EF.V4I3.662
Karisma, C., Anitra, V., & Hadiyanti, S. U. E. (2025). The Effect of Work Involvement and Work Culture on Employee Work Productivity in the Governor's Office of East Kalimantan Province. Journal of Management and Accounting Research, 5(2), 618–635. https://doi.org/10.55606/jurima.v5i2.5415
Luthans, F. (2015). Organizational Behavior: An Evidence-Based Approach (13th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Mangkunegara, A. A. A. P. (2021). Corporate Human Resource Management. PT. Teenager Rosdakarya.
Mulyanto. (2021). Realizing Improving the Performance of State Civil Apparatus through Leadership Roles, Competence, Budget Planning, Training and Work Environment with Motivation and Discipline. STIE Semarang Journal (Electronic Edition), 13(1), 2021. https://doi.org/10.33747
Murray, A., Rothmann, S., & Nel, M. (2022). Capabilities and work functionings of special education teachers in Namibia. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 48. https://doi.org/10.4102/SAJIP.V48I0.2046;WGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION
Murtiningsih, M., Susbiyani, A., & Herlambang, T. (2023). The influence of work environment, work culture and job satisfaction on organizational citizenship behavior which has an impact on the performance of sub-district employees throughout Jember Regency. Indonesian Journal of Management and Business Science, 13(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.32528/jsmbi.v13i1.20983
Noe, R. A., Hollenbeck, J. R., Gerhart, B., & Wright, P. M. (2021). Human Resource Management (12th ed.). McGraw Hill.
Nursaid, N., Estiningari, E., Martini, N. N. P., & Qomariah, N. (2022). Leadership and Work Incentives: Their Effect on Employee Performance with Work Motivation as an Intervening Variable. PROCEEDINGS, 2, 193–209. https://prosenama.upnjatim.ac.id/index.php/prosenama/article/view/17
Nurwati, N., Nempung, T., & Syafri, S. (2020). The influence of leadership, competence, motivation and work discipline on employee performance at the Southeast Sulawesi Provincial Manpower and Transmigration Office. Journal of Development Economic Progress (JPEP), 5(2), 89–100. https://doi.org/10.33772/jpep.v5i2.13702
Praditya, R. A. (2020). Leadership, Work Motivation, Competency, Commitment and Culture: Which Influences The Performance of Quality Management System in Automotive Industry? Journal of Industrial Engineering & Management Research (JIEMAR), 1(1), 53–62.
Puspita, N., Nugroho, M. N., & Banun, A. (2020a). The Influence of Organizational Culture and Work Engagement Over Employee Performance Mediated by Employee Loyalty. Science, Engineering and Social Science Series, 4(5).
Puspita, N., Nugroho, M. N., & Banun, A. (2020b). The Influence of Organizational Culture and Work Engagement Over Employee Performance Mediated by Employee Loyalty. Science, Engineering and Social Science Series, 4(5).
Putra, E. Y., Ariyanto, H. H., & Maytanius, J. (2024). The Influence of Knowledge Management, Work Environment, Employee Engagement, Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance Through Job Satisfaction. JMSAB, 7(2), 197–210.
Rahmadalena, T., & Asmanita, A. (2020). The Influence of Employee Engagement, Job Characteristics on Employee Performance at PT. Bukit Asam, Tbk Kertapati Pier Unit Palembang. Scientific Journal of Management Development, 3(2), 68–76. https://doi.org/10.33557/JIBM.V3I2.1094
Rahman, A. (2021). Resilience and Performance Dynamics. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 32(11), 2345–2367. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2021.1890543
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2022). Organizational Behavior (18th ed.). Pearson.
Rusianto, Ri., Rachmawati, I., & Fathorrahman. (2023). The Influence of Motivation and Leadership on Employee Performance with Employee Engagement as an Intervening Variable in Cv Evergreen Buana Prima Sandang Yogyakarta in the Pandemic Era. Scientific Journal of Management Application Research, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.32815/jiram.v1i1.9
Savitri, C. A., Anggraeni, N. L. P. N., & Santosa, D. F. (2023). Analysis of Employee Engagement Factors on Employee Performance at PT Sinkona Indonesia Lestari. Journal of Management and Organization, 14(2), 110–124.
Schaufeli, W. B. (2021). Engaging leadership in the job demands-resources model. Career Development International, 20(5), 446–463. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-02-2015-0025
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293–315.
Schein, E. (2020). The Levels of Culture. Organizational Collaboration, 135–143. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315881201-15
Shofiana, D., & Perkasa, D. H. (2024). Employee Engagement in Improving Expatriate Performance. N/A, 18(1), 881–891.
Sholihin, M., & Ratmono, D. (2021). SEM-PLS Analysis with WarpPLS 7.0 for Nonlinear Relationships in Social and Business Research (2nd ed.). Gadjah Mada University.
Siagian, S. (2023). Human Resource Management. Drestanta Pelita Indonesia Foundation.
Sinaga, M. P., & Lubis, N. W. (2025). The Influence of Organizational Culture and Employee Engagement on the Performance of Employees of the Adbang Bureau and the Economic Bureau of the North Sumatra Governor's Office. All Fields of Science Journal Liaison Academia and Society, 5(2), 524–545. https://doi.org/10.58939/afosj-las.v5i2.874
Sofiyanti, N., & Najmudin. (2023). The Effect of Leadership Style, Organizational Culture, and Compensation on Employee Engagement at Garment Companies in Bandung. Western Science Business and Management, 1(3), 147–156.
Sugiono, E., Darmadi, & Efendi, S. (2021). The Effect of Compensation, Leadership Style and Competence on Employee Performance through Job Satisfaction at the Ministry of Agriculture Pusdatin of the Republic of Indonesia. INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS, 7(2), 132–149. https://doi.org/10.32528/JMBI.V7I2.5599
Sugiyono. (2020). Quantitative, Qualitative Research Methods and Alphabetical R&D.
Tafsir, M., Kamase, J., Sukmawati, St., & Arfah, A. (2022). The Influence of Transformational Leadership, Organizational Climate, Innovative Behavior and Employee Engagement on Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable in the Scope of the Bantaeng Regency Regional Government. Journal of Socio-Science, 8(1), 55–71.
Triastuti, D., Cahyani, R. R., & Kusumastuti, A. D. (2025). The Effect of Work Culture, Discipline, and Morale on Employee Performance. Journal of Educational Management Research, 4(4), 1467–1479. https://doi.org/10.61987/jemr.v4i4.1133
Umihastanti, D., & Frianto, A. (2022). The Effect of Organizational Support and Employee Engagement on the Performance of Regional Civil Service Agency Employees. Journal of Management Science, 10(1), 219–232. https://doi.org/10.26740/JIM.V10N1.P219-232
Utami, S. P., Adji Kusuma, K., Maya, H., & Sari, K. (2024). The Influence of Employee Engagement, Leadership and Welfare on the Performance of Employees of the Nala Husada Dental and Oral Education Hospital (RSGMP) Surabaya. Management Studies and Entrepreneurship Journal (MSEJ), 5(2), 4803–4817. https://doi.org/10.37385/MSEJ.V5I2.4675
Valcik, N., Sabharwal, M., & Benavides, T. (2023). Human Resources Information Systems: A Guide for Public Administrators (Second Edition). Springer.
Vinnafatun, V., Fathorrahman, F., & Bukhori, M. (2021). Leadership style, culture, and competence on job satisfaction and performance of Islamic private junior high school teachers. Asian Journal of Business and Economic Sciences, 15(1), 57–72. https://doi.org/10.32815/JIBEKA.V15I1.176
Wibowo. (2021). Performance Management. Rajawali Press.
Widianto, A., & Parwoto, P. (2025). The Influence of Human Resource Development, Work Culture, And Motivation on Employee Performance of The Secretariat General of DPR RI Through Job Satisfaction. Journal of Social Research, 4(4), 685–693. https://doi.org/10.55324/josr.v4i4.2505
Yulivan, I. (2021). The Influence of Entrepreneurial Leadership and Work Culture on Employee Engagement with Work Culture and Organizational Trust as Mediator Variables in Employees at the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia. Journal of Socio-Humanities Science, 5(2), 953–963.
Zakiah, N. A., & Dwiridotjahjono, J. (2021). The Influence of Motivation, Discipline, and Work Environment on the Performance of PT. Romi Violeta Sidoarjo. Journal of Management and Business Studies, 8(1), 56–63. https://doi.org/10.21107/JSMB.V1I1.10642
Copyright (c) 2026 Rohmatul Maula, Nursaid Nursaid, Toni Herlambang
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
