Fostering Moderate Character of Santri: Effective Hidden Curriculum Strategy in Islamic Boarding Schools

Nur Agus Salim; Mohammad Zaini; Abd. Wahib; Imron Fauzi; Asnawan Asnawan

doi:10.31538/nzh.v7i2.4676

Nur Agus Salim Universitas Widya Gama Mahakam Samarinda
Mohammad Zaini UIN Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember
Abd. Wahib UIN Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember
Imron Fauzi UIN Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember
Asnawan Asnawan University of Al Falah As Sunniyyah Jember

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v7i2.4676

Keywords: Hidden Curriculum, Moderate Character, Students, Islamic Boarding School, Pesantren

Abstract

This research aims to investigate the role of the hidden curriculum in fostering a moderate character among students at Al-Ilahiyyah Islamic Boarding School in Ngoro, Jombang. Utilizing a qualitative case study design, the research involves Kiai, Ustadz, and students as participants. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. The findings reveal that: (1) there are five critical components of the hidden curriculum at the boarding school that contribute to developing students' moderate character, namely congregational prayers, religious book study sessions, public speaking, discussions, student life, and daily social interactions; (2) these components embody core values of moderation such as balance, openness, tolerance, non-imposition of opinions, and harmonious coexistence in diversity; (3) through the processes of habituation and internalization of these values, students' characters increasingly reflect moderate qualities. Consequently, the hidden curriculum significantly contributes to enhancing the moderate character of students at the studied location, as demonstrated by the diversity that allows the boarding school community to coexist peacefully.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adi, Habib Maulana Maslahul. ‘Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Toleransi Dalam Kegiatan Bahs Al-Masāil Di Pesantren Tradisional’. Asatiza: Jurnal Pendidikan 3, no. 1 (31 January 2022): 20–32. https://doi.org/10.46963/asatiza.v3i1.438.

Adwiah, Amalia Rabiatul, Aulia Faraz Tantia, and Intan Asyikin Rantikasari. ‘Implementation of Storytelling Method with Folktales in Instilling Character Values in Children: A Study at ABA Warungboto Kindergarten’. Golden Age: Jurnal Ilmiah Tumbuh Kembang Anak Usia Dini 8, no. 1 (31 March 2023): 47–57. https://doi.org/10.14421/jga.2023.81-05.

Agus, Agus, Minggusta Juliadharma, and Mawardi Djamaluddin. ‘Application of the CIPP Model in Evaluation of The Inclusive Education Curriculum in Madrasah Aliyah’. Nidhomul Haq : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 8, no. 1 (25 February 2023): 31–50. https://doi.org/10.31538/ndh.v8i1.2705.

Aisyah, Siti, Munaya Ulil Ilmi, Muhammad Amirudin Rosyid, Eni Wulandari, and Fandi Akhmad. ‘Kiai Leadership Concept in The Scope of Pesantren Organizational Culture’. Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education 3, no. 1 (2022): 40–59. https://doi.org/10.31538/tijie.v3i1.106.

Alamin, Nurul Salis, Agus Suradika, Saiful Bahri, and Adi Fahrudin. ‘Implementation of Hidden Curriculum in Modern Islamic Institution: A Phenomenology Studies at Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Ponorogo Indonesia’. Technium Social Sciences Journal 28 (2022): 52.

Ali, Nur, Benny Afwadzi, Irwan Abdullah, and Muhammad Islahul Mukmin. ‘Interreligious Literacy Learning as a Counter-Radicalization Method: A New Trend among Institutions of Islamic Higher Education in Indonesia’. Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations 32, no. 4 (2 October 2021): 383–405. https://doi.org/10.1080/09596410.2021.1996978.

Ansori, Mujahid. ‘Pengembangan Kurikulum Madrasah Di Pesantren’. Munaddhomah: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 1, no. 1 (2020): 41–50. https://doi.org/10.31538/munaddhomah.v1i1.32.

Arthur, James. ‘Traditional Approaches to Character Education in Britain and America’. In Handbook of Moral and Character Education. Routledge, 2008.

Aryati, Ani, and A. Suradi. ‘The Implementation of Religious Tolerance: Study on Pesantren Bali Bina Insani with Bali Hindus Communities’. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun 10, no. 2 (30 May 2022): 471–90. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v10i2.646.

Asmawati, Luluk. ‘The Development of Puzzle Games for Early Childhood Based on the Banten Local Culture’. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun 11, no. 2 (30 May 2023): 531–50. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v11i2.895.

Aziz, Mursal, Zulkipli Nasution, M. Syukri Azwar Lubis, Suhardi, and Muhammad Rifai Harahap. ‘Tahfidzul Qur’an Curriculum Media Innovation in Islamic Boarding Schools’. Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education 5, no. 2 (2 April 2024): 235–49. https://doi.org/10.31538/tijie.v5i2.970.

Badawi, Habib. ‘Education Reform in Post-War Japan: An Interdisciplinary Analysis of Policies, Impact, and Historical Context (1945–1952)’. At-Tadzkir: Islamic Education Journal 3, no. 2 (6 June 2024): 70–82. https://doi.org/10.59373/attadzkir.v3i2.56.

Basri, Hasan, and Alamin Abdullah. ‘Curriculum Integration Constructs in Integrated Islamic Elementary School’. Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education 5, no. 1 (6 February 2024): 79–99. https://doi.org/10.31538/tijie.v5i1.873.

Berglund, Jenny. ‘Continuity and Change: Experiences of Teaching Religious Education in the Light of a Life Trajectory of Hifz and Secular Education’. Religion & Education 44, no. 1 (2 January 2017): 88–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/15507394.2016.1267544.

Bruinessen, Martin van. Kitab Kuning, Pesantren Dan Tarekat: Tradisi-Tradisi Islam Di Indonesia. Vol. 17. Bandung: Mizan, 1995.

Creswell, John W. Research Design: Pendekatan Kualitatif, Kuantitatif Dan Mixed. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2010.

Davids, Nuraan. ‘Islam, Moderation, Radicalism, and Justly Balanced Communities’. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 37, no. 3 (3 July 2017): 309–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2017.1384672.

Diallo, Ibrahima. ‘Introduction: The Interface between Islamic and Western Pedagogies and Epistemologies: Features and Divergences’. International Journal of Pedagogies and Learning 7 (1 December 2012): 175–79. https://doi.org/10.5172/ijpl.2012.7.3.175.

Emzir. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif: Analisis Data. Depok: PT Raja Grafindo, 2014.

Gunawan, Ade, Dian Elvira Nanda Isnaini, Rihlah Nur Aulia, and Izzatul Mardhiah. ‘Implementation of Hidden Curriculum in Enviromental Education (Case Study: Pondek Pesantren Hidayatullah Balikpapan)’. In International Proceeding ASEAN Youth Conference. Kuala Lumpur: PPIM, 2018.

Haryadi, Didit, and Hendro Widodo. ‘Pengembangan Kurikulum Berbasis Adiwiyata Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Practical Life’. Nidhomul Haq : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 5, no. 2 (14 August 2020): 195–210. https://doi.org/10.31538/ndh.v5i2.558.

Hasan, Moch Sya’roni, Mar’atul Azizah, and Abd Rozaq. ‘Service Learning in Building an Attitude of Religious Moderation in Pesantren’. Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education 4, no. 4 (12 October 2023): 559–76. https://doi.org/10.31538/tijie.v4i4.714.

Hasanah, Siti Muawanatul, Agus Maimun, Marno Marno, and Ahmad Barizi. ‘Forging Qur’anic Character: A School Principal Leadership Model-Insights’. Nidhomul Haq : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 9, no. 1 (17 February 2024): 28–42. https://doi.org/10.31538/ndh.v9i1.4380.

Hassan, Muhammad Haniff. ‘Wasatiyyah as Explained by Prof. Muhammad Kamal Hassan: Justice, Excellence and Balance’. International Centre for Political Violence and Terrorism Research 6, no. 2 (2021): 8.

Hefner, Robert W. ‘Islamic Radicalism in a Democratizing Indonesia’. In Routledge Handbook of Political Islam. Routledge, 2011.

Hoque, Kazi Enamul, and Zarin Tasnim Raya. ‘Relationship between Principals’ Leadership Styles and Teachers’ Behavior’. Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 2 (2023): 111. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020111.

Huberman, Michael, and Matthew B. Miles. The Qualitative Researcher’s Companion. sage, 2002.

Huda, Miftachul, Muhamad Arif, Mohamad Marzuqi Abdul Rahim, and Muhammad Anshari. ‘Islamic Religious Education Learning Media in the Technology Era: A Systematic Literature Review’. At-Tadzkir: Islamic Education Journal 3, no. 2 (7 June 2024): 83–102. https://doi.org/10.59373/attadzkir.v3i2.62.

Idrus, Ali, Dindin Abidin, Nanda Saputra, Azhariah Rahman, and Muwafiqus Shobri. ‘Implementation of Minister of Education and Culture Policy Number 84 of 2013 Article 11’. Munaddhomah: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 3, no. 2 (23 December 2022): 175–82. https://doi.org/10.31538/munaddhomah.v3i2.248.

Kader, Muhammad Rizqi, Muhammad Husnur Rofiq, and Muhammad Anas Ma`arif. ‘Religious Moderation Education Strategy at the Mualaf Assembly’. At-Tadzkir: Islamic Education Journal 3, no. 1 (1 March 2024): 35–46. https://doi.org/10.59373/attadzkir.v3i1.46.

Karman, Rosihon Anwar, U. Syarifudin, and S. N. Muhtar. ‘The Design for Emancipatory Quran Interpretation Learning to Deradicalize Students’ Quran Understanding’. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 7, no. 2 (December 2021): 165–80. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v7i2.12720.

Kärner, Tobias, and Gabriele Schneider. ‘A Scoping Review on the Hidden Curriculum in Education’, 23 March 2023. https://psycharchives.org/en/item/2f61b2ed-a3b9-4c56-8f39-4edb41ec660d.

Lafrarchi, Naïma. ‘Assessing Islamic Religious Education Curriculum in Flemish Public Secondary Schools’. Religions 11, no. 3 (March 2020): 1–29. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11030110.

Latif, Muhaemin, and Erwin Hafid. ‘Multicultural Attitudes in an Islamic Boarding School of South Sulawesi – Indonesia’. Edited by Luís Tinoca. Cogent Education 8, no. 1 (1 January 2021): 1968736. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2021.1968736.

Lesnida, Lesnida, Zaini Dahlan, and Siti Halimah. ‘Analisis Kompetensi Guru Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam (SKI) Dalam Melaksanakan Pembelajaran Kurikulum 2013 Berbasis Sistem Kredit Semester’. Munaddhomah: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 3, no. 4 (2022): 356–65. https://doi.org/10.31538/munaddhomah.v3i4.294.

Maimun, Agus. Penelitian Studi Kasus Bidang Pendidikan Islam. Malang: UIN Maliki Press, 2020.

Marmoah, Sri, and Suharno Poerwanti Jenny Indrastoeti Siti. ‘Literacy Culture Management of Elementary School in Indonesia’. Heliyon 8, no. 4 (1 April 2022): e09315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09315.

Matorevhu, Alois, and Havatidi Madzamba. ‘The Hidden Curriculum and Its Role in Curriculum Innovation Implementation’. Journal of Research in Instructional 2, no. 2 (18 November 2022): 163–74. https://doi.org/10.30862/jri.v2i2.96.

Moeloeng, Lexy J. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung,: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya, 2017.

Mujani, Wan Kamal, Ermy Azziaty Rozali, and Nor Jamaniah Zakaria. ‘The Wasatiyyah (Moderation) Concept: Its Implementation In Malaysia’. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 1 July 2015. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4s2p66.

Murharyana, Murharyana, Ibnu Imam Al Ayyubi, Rifqi Rohmatulloh, and Irfan Suryana. ‘Behavior Change of Darul Falah Senior High School Students After Attending Tabligh Akbar’. Dirasah International Journal of Islamic Studies 1, no. 2 (17 October 2023): 68–77. https://doi.org/10.59373/drs.v1i2.17.

Neliwati, Neliwati, Uswatun Hasanah, Retno Pringadi, Akhmad Sirojuddin, and Muhamad Arif. ‘Curriculum Management in Improving The Quality of Student Learning and Academic Achievement’. Munaddhomah: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 4, no. 1 (25 February 2023): 115–21. https://doi.org/10.31538/munaddhomah.v4i1.233.

Nurfadillah, Nurfadillah, Mansyur Radjab, Nuvida Raf, and Muhammad Sabiq. ‘Construction of Women’s Roles in the Andingingi Ritual in the Ammatoa Customary Area, Tana Toa Village, Kajang District, Bulukumba Regency’. Agrikan: Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan 16, no. 1 (9 May 2023): 21–39. https://doi.org/10.29239/j.agrikan.16.1.21-39.

Nuriman, Nuriman, Essra Mahmoud, Aswati Bt Hamzah, and Yusnaini Yusnaini. ‘A Study of Embracing Adolescent Islamic Moral Values at Two Schools in Rural Area’. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun 12, no. 1 (30 January 2024): 117–36. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v12i1.1045.

Panda, Rasmita. ‘Impact of Hidden Curriculum On Today’s Context of Education’. International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management 4, no. 8 (23 August 2021): 216–17.

Rochman, Boy Arief, Ulfiah, Achmad Mudrikah, and Supyan Sauri. ‘Implementation of Tariqah Dhikr in Strengthening the Character of Tahfidz Santri in Al-Qur’an Al-Falah Islamic Boarding Schools and Suryalaya Islamic Boarding Schools’. International Journal Of Science Education and Technology Management (IJSETM) 1, no. 2 (7 August 2022): 43–60. https://doi.org/10.28301/ijsetm.v1i2.8.

Rony, Rony. ‘Urgensi Manajemen Budaya Organisasi Sekolah Terhadap Pembentukan Karakter Peserta Didik: The Urgency of School Organizational Culture Management Against Character Building Students’. Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education 2, no. 1 (23 June 2021): 98–121. https://doi.org/10.31538/tijie.v2i1.26.

Sari, Detu Maharani Puspita, Wanda Tri Utami, Anang Jefry Nurfalaq, and Koko Harguntoro. ‘Hidden Curriculum dalam Dimensi Pembangunan Karakter untuk Mengatasi Degradasi Moral Sekolah Dasar’. SAP (Susunan Artikel Pendidikan) 8, no. 2 (5 December 2023): 313–21. https://doi.org/10.30998/sap.v8i2.17019.

Siraj, Nabila. ‘Beyond Prescribed Curriculum: Understanding Primary School Teachers` Perspective of Hidden Curriculum in the Context of Karachi, Pakistan’. Theses & Dissertations, 1 January 2021. https://ecommons.aku.edu/theses_dissertations/1875.

Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan: (Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif Dan R & D). Bandung: Alfabeta, 2017.

Sulaksono, Hari. Budaya Organisasi Dan Kinerja. Deepublish, 2015.

Sumiran, Sumiran, Waston Waston, Zamroni Zamroni, and Fitri Nur Mahmudah. ‘The Principal’s Role in Improving the Quality: A Concepts Framework to Developing School Culture’. Frontiers in Education 7 (9 September 2022): 854463. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.854463.

Syarifah, Nur Laila. ‘Pengaruh Hidden Curriculum Berbasis Pesantren Terhadap Pembentukan Akhlaqul Karimah Siswa di SMK Cordova Kajen Tahun 2019’. QUALITY 8, no. 2 (2 November 2020): 291–302. https://doi.org/10.21043/quality.v8i2.8169.

Wajdi, Farid, Achmad Sanusi, Dedi Mulyasana, Sofyan Sauri, Ahmad Khori, and Saepuloh Saepuloh. ‘The Pattern of Leadership of Kiai in Managing Learning Pesantren’. Nidhomul Haq : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 7, no. 1 (20 March 2022): 15–30. https://doi.org/10.31538/ndh.v7i1.1832.

Watung, Sjeddie Rianne, Sunarno Sunarno, Alfina Wildatul Fitriyah, Nanda Saputra, and Yulianto Abas. ‘School Principals as Leaders in Fostering Attitudes of Religious Tolerance in Schools’. Nidhomul Haq : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 8, no. 3 (25 November 2023): 424–36. https://doi.org/10.31538/ndh.v8i3.4078.

Wicaksono, Wildan Agus, Imron Arifin, and Raden Bambang Sumarsono. ‘Implementing a Pesantren-Based Curriculum and Learning Approach to Foster Students’ Emotional Intelligence’. Munaddhomah: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 5, no. 2 (20 March 2024): 207–21. https://doi.org/10.31538/munaddhomah.v5i2.1074.

Yani, Muhammad Turhan, Choirul Mahfud, S. A. P. Rangga Sa’adillah, Mohammad Reevany Bustami, Maskuri, and Ahmad Taufiq. ‘Advancing the Discourse of Muslim Politics in Indonesia: A Study on Political Orientation of Kiai as Religious Elites in Nahdlatul Ulama’. Heliyon 8, no. 12 (1 December 2022): e12218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12218.