Maqasid al-Shariah-Based Analysis of the Fulfillment of Children's Rights in Indonesian Law No. 35 of 2014 on Child Protection
Analisis Maqāṣid Syarī‘ah Terhadap Pemenuhan Hak Anak dalam UU Perlindungan Anak No. 35 Tahun 2014
Abstract
Child protection is an essential component of legal and social development in Indonesia. Although Law No. 35 of 2014, as an amendment to Law No. 23 of 2002, has been enacted to reinforce children’s rights, violations against children remain prevalent. This study aims to analyze the alignment between the provisions of the Child Protection Law and the principles of maqāṣid syarī‘ah, in order to assess how far national regulations reflect Islamic values in ensuring holistic protection for children. This research employs a normative qualitative approach using literature review methods, focusing on legal documents and Islamic jurisprudential sources. The findings indicate that Law No. 35 of 2014 substantially aligns with the five core principles of maqāṣid syarī‘ah: ḥifẓ al-nafs (protection of life), ḥifẓ al-ʿaql (intellect), ḥifẓ al-nasl (lineage), ḥifẓ al-māl (property), and ḥifẓ al-dīn (religion). However, its implementation still faces significant challenges, including weak institutional coordination, limited public legal literacy, and a predominantly repressive legal approach rather than an educational and preventive one. Therefore, reinforcing the integration between Islamic legal philosophy and national positive law is essential. Such integration ensures that child protection mechanisms function not only as legal instruments but also as tools of moral and social transformation grounded in the values of humanity, justice, and Islamic spirituality.
Perlindungan anak merupakan bagian esensial dari pembangunan hukum dan sosial di Indonesia. Namun, meskipun telah diterbitkan Undang-Undang No. 35 Tahun 2014 sebagai revisi atas UU No. 23 Tahun 2002, pelanggaran terhadap hak anak masih sering terjadi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kesesuaian substansi UU Perlindungan Anak dengan prinsip-prinsip maqāṣid syarī‘ah, guna menilai sejauh mana regulasi nasional mampu mewujudkan perlindungan anak secara utuh berdasarkan nilai-nilai Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif normatif dengan metode studi pustaka terhadap dokumen hukum dan literatur keislaman. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Undang-Undang No. 35 Tahun 2014 secara substansial telah mencerminkan prinsip-prinsip utama maqāṣid, yaitu ḥifẓ al-nafs (perlindungan jiwa), ḥifẓ al-ʿaql (akal), ḥifẓ al-nasl (keturunan), ḥifẓ al-māl (harta), dan ḥifẓ al-dīn (agama). Namun, implementasinya masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, seperti lemahnya koordinasi antarlembaga, rendahnya literasi hukum masyarakat, serta pendekatan hukum yang lebih bersifat represif daripada edukatif. Oleh karena itu, integrasi antara hukum positif dan maqāṣid syarī‘ah perlu diperkuat agar perlindungan anak tidak hanya berjalan secara legal-formal, tetapi juga berfungsi sebagai media transformasi sosial yang berbasis nilai-nilai kemanusiaan dan spiritualitas Islam.
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