Genealogy of Hifz Al-Bi'ah in Maqasid Sharia: From Classical Implicit Value to Contemporary Maqsad Daruri

Genealogi Hifz Al-Bi'ah dalam Maqasid Syariah: Dari Nilai Implisit Klasik hingga Maqsad Daruri Kontemporer

Abstract

The global environmental crisis has prompted various religious traditions, including Islam, to examine the role of spirituality in responding to ecological challenges. This research examines the genealogy and development of the concept of hifz al-bi'ah (environmental protection) in the maqasid sharia tradition, and analyzes its position in the maqasid hierarchy. Through discourse and bibliographic studies with an analytical-genealogical approach, this research traces the evolution of the concept from classical scholars such as Ibn Hazm, al-Ghazali, and al-Shatibi to contemporary thinkers such as Ibn Ashur, Yusuf al-Qaradawi, and Jasser Auda. This research also analyzes the contestation of maqasid discourse in the case of the nickel mining project involving PBNU and Greenpeace. The results show that although classical scholars did not explicitly mention the term “environment” the values of protecting nature have been embedded in their teachings. The concept of hifz al bi'ah was introduced systematically by Ibn Ashur and reinforced by contemporary scholars in response to the ecological crisis. Although it has not achieved a formal status equivalent to the five classical maqasids, hifz al-bi'ah has strong legitimacy to be developed as a contemporary maqasid daruri based on the principle of flexibility developed by Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah. Mine case study shows that maqasid becomes an authoritative battleground between narratives of economic development and environmental preservation, indicating that maqasid interpretation is not neutral but influenced by the interests and ideologies of various actors.