Agensi Ulama Perempuan Indonesia: Merespon Rumusan Keagamaan Yang Menentang Fatwa Perlindungan Perempuan Dari Bahaya Pemotongan Dan Pelukaan Genitalia
Agency of Indonesian Female Ulama: Responding to Religious Formulations Opposing the Fatwa on the Protection of Women from the Harm of Female Genital Cutting and Mutilation
Abstract
This article examines how female Islamic scholars (ulama perempuan) exercise their agency in responding to the position of the Forum Musyawarah Pondok Pesantren (FMPP) of East Java regarding the fatwa on female circumcision, issued during the Second Religious Congress of the Kongres Ulama Perempuan Indonesia (KUPI) at PP Hasyim Asy’ari, Jepara. Public contestation emerged when the FMPP questioned the KUPI fatwa, referring to classical fatwas of earlier scholars (ulama salaf) that endorsed both male and female circumcision as part of religious tradition. Within its deliberations themed “The Controversy of the KUPI Fatwa,” the FMPP produced conclusions that contradicted the fatwa previously established by KUPI. Employing a socio-anthropological approach, this study investigates the agency of female Islamic scholars as manifested in their public statements and in the construction of narratives concerning the fatwa on female circumcision. The study argues that female ulama, through the KUPI trilogy—ma’ruf (ethical goodness), genuine justice for women, and mubadalah (reciprocity)—which embodies principles of equality and inclusivity, adopt an egalitarian stance in responding to opposing views of the KUPI fatwa. The agency of female ulama is expressed through dialogical and participatory strategies, including community education on the adverse effects of female circumcision, the promotion of gender-just religious interpretations through discussions, tadarus (scriptural study sessions), scholarly forums, and the development of reformative, knowledge-based narratives to elucidate the substantive meaning of the fatwa.
Artikel ini menjawab pertanyaan bagaimana agensi ulama perempuan merespon pandangan Forum Musyawarah Pondok Pesantren (FMPP) Jawa Timur terhadap fatwa tentang khitan perempuan yang merupakan hasil musyawarah keagamaan ke-2 Kongres Ulama perempuan Indonesia (KUPI) di PP Hasyim Asy’ari Jepara. Kontestasi dikalangan Masyarakat muncul ketika fatwa tentang khitan perempuan dipertanyakan oleh FMPP yang merujuk beberapa fatwa ulama salaf dan mendukung khitan laki-laki dan Perempuan sebagai bagian dari tradisi keagamaan. Dalam musyawarah yang mengusung tema kontroversi fatwa KUPI, FMPP menghasilkan hasil musyawarah yang berlawanan dengan fatwa yang telah diputuskan oleh KUPI. Dengan pendekatan sosio-antropologis saya menelusuri agensi ulama perempuan dalam pernyataan sikap dan membangun narasi atas fatwa tentang khitan perempuan. Saya berargumen bahwa ulama Perempuan dengan trilogy KUPI (ma’ruf, keadilan hakiki bagi perempuan dan mubadalah)-yang melahirkan konsep setara dan inklusif-, menerapkan sikap egaliter untuk merespon pandangan yang -bertentangan- dengan fatwa KUPI. Bentuk agensi ulama perempuan dalam merespon sikap perbedaan pendapat tentang fatwa khitan Perempuan adalah dengan pendekatan dialogis dan partisipatif dengan memberikan edukasi kepada masyarakat tentang dampak negatif dari khitan perempuan, menawarkan pendekatan keagamaan yang berkeadilan melalui diskusi, tadarus, mengadakan forum-forum ilmiah, serta membangun narasi-reformatif berbasis pengetahuan untuk menjelaskan substansi fatwa.
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