Transformasi GovTech Indonesia dan Paradoks Ambisi Digital
The Transformation of GovTech in Indonesia and the Paradox of Digital Ambition
Keywords:
GovTech, Digital Transformation, Governance
Abstract
Pemerintah Indonesia memproyeksikan Government Technology (GovTech) sebagai akselerator modernisasi layanan publik dalam Visi 2045. Meskipun investasi digital masif, implementasinya menunjukkan paradoks antara ambisi dan realitas. Tujuan artikel ini adalah menganalisis secara kritis tantangan struktural yang mendasari transformasi GovTech di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan (literature review) untuk menganalisis secara tematik data dari laporan pemerintah, publikasi akademik, dan riset industri. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa narasi kemajuan teknologi direduksi oleh tiga hambatan utama: (1) defisit tata kelola dan kerentanan institusional; (2) kesenjangan talenta digital yang kritis; serta (3) potensi peningkatan marginalisasi sosio-ekonomi. Keberhasilan transformasi GovTech Indonesia bergantung pada pergeseran paradigma dari determinisme teknologi menuju penguatan fundamental pada tata kelola, institusi, dan kapasitas sumber daya manusia untuk mewujudkan layanan publik yang inklusif dan berkelanjutan.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Abidin, Z., & Husna, A. (2021). The Impact of Scripless Trading on Stock Market Liquidity: Evidence from the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Journal of Finance and Banking Review, 6(2), 78–89.
Alfons, A. (2024, 25 Juni). Belajar dari serangan ransomware di PDNS. InfoKomputer. Diperoleh dari https://infokomputer.grid.id/read/124119159/belajar-dari-serangan-ransomware-di-pdns
APJII. (2024). Survei penetrasi internet Indonesia 2024. Jakarta, Indonesia: Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia.
Arizton Advisory & Intelligence. (2024). Indonesia data centre market - Industry outlook & forecast 2024-2029. Diperoleh dari https://www.arizton.com/market-reports/indonesia-data-center-market
As-Sabre, S. N., Srivastava, A., & Hossain, K. (2006). Managerial discretion and E-government success: A developing country perspective. Journal of Global Information Management, 14(3), 50–70. doi:10.4018/jgim.2006070103
Bank Indonesia. (2024). Statistik sistem pembayaran dan infrastruktur pasar keuangan (SPIP). Diperoleh dari https://www.bi.go.id/id/statistik/sistem-pembayaran/default.aspx
Bertot, J. C., Jaeger, P. T., & Grimes, J. M. (2010). Using ICTs to create a culture of transparency: E-government and social media as openness and anti-corruption tools for societies. Government Information Quarterly, 27(3), 264–271. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2010.03.001
Bloomberg Technoz. (2024, 23 April). APJII teken MoU dengan Starlink, ini poin-poin kesepakatannya. Diperoleh dari https://www.bloombergtechnoz.com/detail-news/29285/apjii-teken-mou-dengan-starlink-ini-poin-poin-kesepakatannya
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
BSSN. (2023). Laporan tahunan monitoring keamanan siber 2023. Jakarta, Indonesia: Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Cyberspace Administration of China. (2023). Digital China development report (2022). Diperoleh dari http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-05/25/c_1687052981387192.htm
Darussalam, D. (2020). Tantangan pajak digital di Indonesia: Analisis regulasi dan implementasi. Jurnal Pajak Indonesia, 4(1), 1–15.
Direktorat Jenderal PPI Kominfo. (2024, 21. Juni). Data infrastruktur telekomunikasi nasional. Jakarta, Indonesia: Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika.
Donny, B.U. (2014). Sejarah internet Indonesia. Dicetak ulang dari Majalah Internet, Edisi Agustus 1996.
Dunleavy, P., Margetts, H., Bastow, S., & Tinkler, J. (2006). Digital era governance: IT corporations, the state, and e-government. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Fiquddin, M., & Insiyah, C. (2025). Tiktok Affiliate Sebagai Sarana Peningkatan Ekonomi Dalam Pengembangan Usaha Digital. Al-Tsiqoh : Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Dakwah Islam, 10(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.31538/altsiq.v10i1.6906
Google, Temasek, & Bain & Company. (2023). e-Conomy SEA 2023 report: Reaching new heights - Navigating the path to profitable growth. Diperoleh dari https://www.bain.com/insights/e-conomy-sea-2023/
Grand View Research. (2024). GovTech market size, share & trends analysis report. Diperoleh dari https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/govtech-market-report
Hargittai, E. (2002). Second-level digital divide: Differences in people's online skills. First Monday, 7(4). doi:10.5210/fm.v7i4.942
Heeks, R. (2003). Most eGovernment-for-development projects fail: How can risks be reduced? (i-Government Working Paper Series, No. 14). Manchester, UK: University of Manchester.
Hill, C. W. L. (2021). International business: Competing in the global marketplace (13th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
IMDA. (2023). Singapore Digital Economy Report 2023. Diperoleh dari https://www.imda.gov.sg/-/media/imda/files/sg-digital-economy-report/singapore-digital-economy-report-2023.pdf
Kejaksaan Agung RI. (2024, 29 Mei). Perkara timah, Kejagung tetapkan 22 tersangka dengan taksiran kerugian perekonomian negara Rp300 triliun. Diperoleh dari situs web Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia.
Kemp, S. (2024, 21 Februari). Digital 2024: Indonesia. Diperoleh dari DataReportal website: https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2024-indonesia
Kemp, S. (2025, Januari). Digital 2025: Global overview report. Diperoleh dari DataReportal website: https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2025-global-overview-report
Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika. (2023, 28 Desember). Perkuat ekosistem digital, Menkominfo: Jaringan 5G sudah ada di 49 kota/kabupaten. Diperoleh dari Kominfo.go.id.
Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika (Kominfo). (2023). Rencana strategis kementerian komunikasi dan informatika tahun 2020-2024. Jakarta, Indonesia: Penulis.
Kenney, M., & Zysman, J. (2016). The rise of the platform economy. Issues in Science and Technology, 32(3), 61–69.
Margetts, H., & Dunleavy, P. (2013). The second wave of digital-era governance: a quasi-paradigm for government on the Web. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 371(1987), 20120382. doi:10.1098/rsta. 2012.0382
Mordor Intelligence. (2024). Qatar digital transformation market size & share analysis - Growth trends & forecasts (2024 - 2029). Diperoleh dari https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/qatar-digital-transformation-market
Mordor Intelligence. (2024). South Korea digital transformation market size & share analysis - Growth trends & forecasts (2024 - 2029). Diperoleh dari https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/south-korea-digital-transformation-market
Neo, B. S., & Chen, G. (2007). Dynamic governance: Embedding culture, capabilities and change in Singapore. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.
Nograšek, J., & Vintar, M. (2024). E-government and E-governance: The 'black box' of policy-implementation. Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Skills and Lifelong Learning, 10, 147–172. doi:10.28945/2070
Peraturan Presiden (Perpres) Nomor 95 Tahun 2018 tentang Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik.
Pratama, A. R. (2020). Problems, challenges, and solutions for the implementation of e-government in Indonesia. Jurnal Pemerintahan Dan Kebijakan, 1(1), 1–10.
Purwana, D., Rahmi, R., & Aditya, S. (2021). The role of digitalisation on MSMEs' business performance: A case study of Indonesia. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(5), 745–753.
Reuters. (2024, 24. Juni). Indonesia's cyber attack disrupts immigration service for days. Diperoleh dari https://www.reuters.com/technology/cybersecurity/indonesia-works-restore-services-after-cyber-attack-2024-06-24/
Sargent, L. T. (2010). Utopianism: A very short introduction. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Siregar, B. (2017). Sejarah komputer di Indonesia: Dari barang mewah hingga kebutuhan pokok. Jakarta, Indonesia: Penerbit Buku Kompas.
Statista. (2023). Internet of Things (IoT) - Indonesia. Diperoleh dari https://www.statista.com/outlook/dmo/internet-of-things/indonesia
Undang-Undang No. 8 Tahun 1995 tentang Pasar Modal.
United Nations. (2022). E-government survey 2022: The future of digital government. New York, NY: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
Wescott, C. G. (2001). E-government in the Asia-Pacific region. Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank.
Winarti, E. (2022). Effectiveness of the digital talent scholarship program in reducing the digital talent gap in Indonesia. International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 5(7), 3021–3027. doi:10.47191/ijsshr/v5-i7-64
World Bank. (2021). Indonesia's digital transformation: A pathway to a more prosperous and inclusive future. Washington, DC: World Bank Group.
World Bank. (2024). GovTech: The new frontier in digital government. Diperoleh dari https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/govtech
World Bank. (2024a, 18 April). A GovTech utopia: Are we there yet? | 2024 IMF-World Bank spring meetings [Video]. YouTube. Diperoleh dari https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R2jJb7yCq8Y
World Economic Forum (WEF). (2023). State of the connected world 2023. Diperoleh dari https://www.weforum.org/reports/state-of-the-connected-world-2023/
Alfons, A. (2024, 25 Juni). Belajar dari serangan ransomware di PDNS. InfoKomputer. Diperoleh dari https://infokomputer.grid.id/read/124119159/belajar-dari-serangan-ransomware-di-pdns
APJII. (2024). Survei penetrasi internet Indonesia 2024. Jakarta, Indonesia: Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia.
Arizton Advisory & Intelligence. (2024). Indonesia data centre market - Industry outlook & forecast 2024-2029. Diperoleh dari https://www.arizton.com/market-reports/indonesia-data-center-market
As-Sabre, S. N., Srivastava, A., & Hossain, K. (2006). Managerial discretion and E-government success: A developing country perspective. Journal of Global Information Management, 14(3), 50–70. doi:10.4018/jgim.2006070103
Bank Indonesia. (2024). Statistik sistem pembayaran dan infrastruktur pasar keuangan (SPIP). Diperoleh dari https://www.bi.go.id/id/statistik/sistem-pembayaran/default.aspx
Bertot, J. C., Jaeger, P. T., & Grimes, J. M. (2010). Using ICTs to create a culture of transparency: E-government and social media as openness and anti-corruption tools for societies. Government Information Quarterly, 27(3), 264–271. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2010.03.001
Bloomberg Technoz. (2024, 23 April). APJII teken MoU dengan Starlink, ini poin-poin kesepakatannya. Diperoleh dari https://www.bloombergtechnoz.com/detail-news/29285/apjii-teken-mou-dengan-starlink-ini-poin-poin-kesepakatannya
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
BSSN. (2023). Laporan tahunan monitoring keamanan siber 2023. Jakarta, Indonesia: Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Cyberspace Administration of China. (2023). Digital China development report (2022). Diperoleh dari http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-05/25/c_1687052981387192.htm
Darussalam, D. (2020). Tantangan pajak digital di Indonesia: Analisis regulasi dan implementasi. Jurnal Pajak Indonesia, 4(1), 1–15.
Direktorat Jenderal PPI Kominfo. (2024, 21. Juni). Data infrastruktur telekomunikasi nasional. Jakarta, Indonesia: Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika.
Donny, B.U. (2014). Sejarah internet Indonesia. Dicetak ulang dari Majalah Internet, Edisi Agustus 1996.
Dunleavy, P., Margetts, H., Bastow, S., & Tinkler, J. (2006). Digital era governance: IT corporations, the state, and e-government. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Fiquddin, M., & Insiyah, C. (2025). Tiktok Affiliate Sebagai Sarana Peningkatan Ekonomi Dalam Pengembangan Usaha Digital. Al-Tsiqoh : Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Dakwah Islam, 10(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.31538/altsiq.v10i1.6906
Google, Temasek, & Bain & Company. (2023). e-Conomy SEA 2023 report: Reaching new heights - Navigating the path to profitable growth. Diperoleh dari https://www.bain.com/insights/e-conomy-sea-2023/
Grand View Research. (2024). GovTech market size, share & trends analysis report. Diperoleh dari https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/govtech-market-report
Hargittai, E. (2002). Second-level digital divide: Differences in people's online skills. First Monday, 7(4). doi:10.5210/fm.v7i4.942
Heeks, R. (2003). Most eGovernment-for-development projects fail: How can risks be reduced? (i-Government Working Paper Series, No. 14). Manchester, UK: University of Manchester.
Hill, C. W. L. (2021). International business: Competing in the global marketplace (13th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
IMDA. (2023). Singapore Digital Economy Report 2023. Diperoleh dari https://www.imda.gov.sg/-/media/imda/files/sg-digital-economy-report/singapore-digital-economy-report-2023.pdf
Kejaksaan Agung RI. (2024, 29 Mei). Perkara timah, Kejagung tetapkan 22 tersangka dengan taksiran kerugian perekonomian negara Rp300 triliun. Diperoleh dari situs web Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia.
Kemp, S. (2024, 21 Februari). Digital 2024: Indonesia. Diperoleh dari DataReportal website: https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2024-indonesia
Kemp, S. (2025, Januari). Digital 2025: Global overview report. Diperoleh dari DataReportal website: https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2025-global-overview-report
Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika. (2023, 28 Desember). Perkuat ekosistem digital, Menkominfo: Jaringan 5G sudah ada di 49 kota/kabupaten. Diperoleh dari Kominfo.go.id.
Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika (Kominfo). (2023). Rencana strategis kementerian komunikasi dan informatika tahun 2020-2024. Jakarta, Indonesia: Penulis.
Kenney, M., & Zysman, J. (2016). The rise of the platform economy. Issues in Science and Technology, 32(3), 61–69.
Margetts, H., & Dunleavy, P. (2013). The second wave of digital-era governance: a quasi-paradigm for government on the Web. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 371(1987), 20120382. doi:10.1098/rsta. 2012.0382
Mordor Intelligence. (2024). Qatar digital transformation market size & share analysis - Growth trends & forecasts (2024 - 2029). Diperoleh dari https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/qatar-digital-transformation-market
Mordor Intelligence. (2024). South Korea digital transformation market size & share analysis - Growth trends & forecasts (2024 - 2029). Diperoleh dari https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/south-korea-digital-transformation-market
Neo, B. S., & Chen, G. (2007). Dynamic governance: Embedding culture, capabilities and change in Singapore. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.
Nograšek, J., & Vintar, M. (2024). E-government and E-governance: The 'black box' of policy-implementation. Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Skills and Lifelong Learning, 10, 147–172. doi:10.28945/2070
Peraturan Presiden (Perpres) Nomor 95 Tahun 2018 tentang Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik.
Pratama, A. R. (2020). Problems, challenges, and solutions for the implementation of e-government in Indonesia. Jurnal Pemerintahan Dan Kebijakan, 1(1), 1–10.
Purwana, D., Rahmi, R., & Aditya, S. (2021). The role of digitalisation on MSMEs' business performance: A case study of Indonesia. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(5), 745–753.
Reuters. (2024, 24. Juni). Indonesia's cyber attack disrupts immigration service for days. Diperoleh dari https://www.reuters.com/technology/cybersecurity/indonesia-works-restore-services-after-cyber-attack-2024-06-24/
Sargent, L. T. (2010). Utopianism: A very short introduction. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Siregar, B. (2017). Sejarah komputer di Indonesia: Dari barang mewah hingga kebutuhan pokok. Jakarta, Indonesia: Penerbit Buku Kompas.
Statista. (2023). Internet of Things (IoT) - Indonesia. Diperoleh dari https://www.statista.com/outlook/dmo/internet-of-things/indonesia
Undang-Undang No. 8 Tahun 1995 tentang Pasar Modal.
United Nations. (2022). E-government survey 2022: The future of digital government. New York, NY: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
Wescott, C. G. (2001). E-government in the Asia-Pacific region. Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank.
Winarti, E. (2022). Effectiveness of the digital talent scholarship program in reducing the digital talent gap in Indonesia. International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 5(7), 3021–3027. doi:10.47191/ijsshr/v5-i7-64
World Bank. (2021). Indonesia's digital transformation: A pathway to a more prosperous and inclusive future. Washington, DC: World Bank Group.
World Bank. (2024). GovTech: The new frontier in digital government. Diperoleh dari https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/govtech
World Bank. (2024a, 18 April). A GovTech utopia: Are we there yet? | 2024 IMF-World Bank spring meetings [Video]. YouTube. Diperoleh dari https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R2jJb7yCq8Y
World Economic Forum (WEF). (2023). State of the connected world 2023. Diperoleh dari https://www.weforum.org/reports/state-of-the-connected-world-2023/
Published
2025-09-29
How to Cite
Fatah, M., & Ngamal, Y. (2025). Transformasi GovTech Indonesia dan Paradoks Ambisi Digital. Al-Tsiqoh : Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Dakwah Islam, 10(2), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.31538/altsiq.v10i2.7882
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2025 Al-Tsiqoh : Jurnal Ekonomi dan Dakwah Islam
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1.png)
