Analysis of the Effect of Infrastructure and the Tourism Sector on Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) Per Capita in Regencies/Cities of East Nusa Tenggara Province During 2020–2023
Abstrak
This research investigates how infrastructure development and the tourism industry contribute to regional economic performance in East Nusa Tenggara Province. The study utilizes panel data from 22 regencies/cities covering the 2020–2023 period and employs panel data regression analysis using the Pooled Least Square (PLS), Fixed Effect Model (FEM), and Random Effect Model (REM) approaches. The selection of the most suitable model was determined through the Chow test and Hausman test. The findings reveal that the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) provides the best fit and possesses a strong capability in explaining the model. The partial test results show that regional government expenditure (APBD), the number of banking institutions, and the number of domestic tourists have a significant influence on GRDP per capita. However, APBD and the number of banks show a negative relationship, suggesting that fiscal capacity and financial institutions have not yet been optimally directed toward productive economic activities. In contrast, domestic tourism has a positive and significant effect, indicating its important role in driving regional economic performance. These findings imply that improving the effectiveness of public spending, strengthening financial intermediation, and optimizing tourism potential are essential to enhance regional economic growth. Therefore, local governments are encouraged to allocate budgets more productively, improve access to financing for the real sector, and intensify domestic tourism development strategies.
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Referensi
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Azizurrohman, M., Hartarto, R. B., & Lin, Y. (2021). The Role of Foreign Tourists in Economic Growth : Evidence from Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi & Pembangunan, 22(2), 313–322. https://doi.org/10.18196/jesp.v22i2.11591
Baihawafi, M., & Sebayang, F. A. (2023). Pengaruh Upah Minimum, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia dan Laju Pertumbuhan Ekonomi terhadap Pengangguran Terbuka. Jurnal Riset Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 39–44. https://journals.unisba.ac.id/index.php/JRIEB/article/view/1911
Bala, U., Ibrahim, A., & Bala Hadith, N. (2020). Impact of Population Growth, Poverty and Unemployment on Economic Growth. Asian Business Research Journal, 5, 48–54. https://doi.org/10.20448/journal.518.2020.5.48.54
Calmfors, L., & Holmlund, B. (2000). Unemployment and economic growth: a partial survey. Swedish Economic Policy Review, 7, 107–153.
Hermawan, W., Heriyaldi, H., & Tjahjawandita, A. (2024). The Influence of Financial Inclusion and Internet Access on the Income of Poor Households. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi Dan Pembangunan, 25(1), 84–104. https://doi.org/10.23917/jep.v25i1.23517
Husein, Z., & Aisyah, S. (2024). The Influence of the Tourism Sector and Local Revenue on Economic Growth in Bali. ICOEBS 2022, 247, 982–990. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-204-0_80
Indrawati, I., Sarfiah, S. N., & Destianingsih, R. (2020). Analisis Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Ketimpangan Distribusi Pendapatan, dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan Provinsi Papua Tahun 2014-2019. Directory Journal of Eceonomic, 2(4), 1068–1080.
Khairunnida, H., & Utomo, Y. P. (2024). Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pdrb Di Provinsi Analysis of Factors Affecting Grdp in Yogyakarta Special Region. Menara Ekonomi, X(1), 31–40.
Kusuma, A. N., & Zakiyyah, N. A. A. (2024). Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Kemiskinan di 38 Kabupaten / Kota Jawa Timur [Universitas Ahmad Dahlan]. In Kapalamada: Jurnal Multidisipliner (Vol. 2). https://doi.org/10.22236/kapalamada_volX/isXppXX-XX
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Manthofi, A., & Aisyah, S. (2024). Pengaruh Sektor Pariwisata Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. COSTING:Journal of Economic, Business and Accounting, 7(4).
Mursalina, M., Syaparuddin, S., & Hardiani, H. (2022). The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on economic growth in the tourism sector with tourist arrivals and investment as mediating variables in Indonesia. International Journal of Quantitative Research and Modeling, 3(1), 18–28. https://doi.org/10.46336/ijqrm.v3i1.261
Nani Hartati. (2020). Pengaruh Inflasi Dan Tingkat Pengangguran Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Indonesia Periode 2010 – 2016. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Pelita Bangsa, 05(01).
Nisa, A. Z., & Rifki Khoirudin. (2025). The Effect of the Tourism Sector on Regency and City Gross Regional Domestic Product in Central Java Province. BALANCE : Economic, Business, Management, and Accounting Journal, 22(2), 238–247. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30651/blc.v22i2.25084
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Prameswari, C., & Setiawati, R. I. (2026). Determinant Analysis of the Tourism Sector’s Influence on Labor Absorption in East Java. Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE), 9(1), 2371-2379. https://doi.org/10.31538/iijse.v9i1.7408
Priambodo, A. (2020). poverty level data in Purbalingga Regency 2010-2019, economic growth data in Purbalingga Regency 2010-2019 and Human Development Index data in Purbalingga Regency. Perwira International Journal of Economics & Business (PIJEB), July, 29–36. https://ejournal.unperba.ac.id/index.php/pijeb
Rahman, F. (2023). Pengaruh Usaha Kecil Menengah Dan Sektor Pariwisata Terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (Pdrb) Di Kabupaten Probolinggo. Jurnal Ekonomi Kreatif Dan Manajemen Bisnis Digital, 1(2), 379–392. https://doi.org/10.55047/jekombital.v1i2.355
Ratnadewati, A., Samudro, B. R., Widiastuti, N., & Popoola, O. M. J. (2024). Uneven Development Principles in Geo-Map Perspective: How Does Infrastructure Play a Role in Crushing the Poverty in the Special Region of Yogyakarta? Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi Dan Pembangunan, 25(1), 135–152. https://doi.org/10.23917/jep.v25i1.23641
Sabrina, E. W., & Huda, S. (2023). Analisis Pengaruh Sektor Pariwisata Terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto. Equilibria Pendidikan : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Ekonomi, 8(1), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.26877/ep.v8i1.16408.
Simbala, M., Walewangko, E. N., & Niod, A. O. (2024). Pengaruh Upah Minimum Provinsi, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Terhadap Jumlah Pengangguran Di Bolaang Mongondow Raya. Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Efisiensi, 24(3), 5–24.
Silalahi, R. J., Agustina, N., & Info, A. (2024). ANALYSIS OF TOURISM PERFORMANCE IN. Jurnal Kepariwisataan Indonesia, 18(2), 197–212. https://doi.org/10.47608/jki.v18i22024.197
Sinha, J. K. (2022). Impact of Unemployment and Inflation on the Economic Growth of India. Journal of Development Economics and Finance, 3(2), 397–417. https://doi.org/10.47509/jdef.2022.v03i02.09.
Suriani, M. M. R. (2022). Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Economic Growth of the Tourism Sector in Indonesia. International Journal of Quantitative Research and Modeling, 3(1), 18–28.
Syawkani wahid, F., Alwi, M., & Fadlli, M. D. (2025). Analisis Pengaruh Pembangunan Infrastruktur Terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Kabupaten Lombok Barat Tahun 2010 - 2023. Jurnal Konstanta, 4(1), 198–216. https://doi.org/10.29303/konstanta.v4i1.1897.
Tjahjanto, H., Tuhana, T., Mafruhah, I., Istiqomah, N., & Ismoyowati, D. (2023). High Unemployment, Disrupted Economic Growth and Sustainable Development Goals: Analyzing Unemployment Reduction. Economics and Sociology, 16(1), 106–120. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2023/16-1/7.
Tyas, D. P. P., & Ni Made Sukartini. (2022). Determinants of the Human Development Index (HDI) in Indonesia, 2014 - 2021. Media Trend Berkala Kajian Ekonomi Dan Studi Pembangunan, 17(2), 481–495.
Wirawan, H. A., & Hasanah, L. lak N. El. (2025). Tourism sector and regional own-source revenue: A panel data analysis of six provinces in Java Island, Indonesia. Journal of Economics Research and Policy Studies, 5(2), 355–366.
Aprilia. (2021). Analisis Pengaruh Pengangguran dan Kemiskinan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Sulawesi Utara. Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Efisiensi, 21(05), 63–74.
Azizurrohman, M., Hartarto, R. B., & Lin, Y. (2021). The Role of Foreign Tourists in Economic Growth : Evidence from Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi & Pembangunan, 22(2), 313–322. https://doi.org/10.18196/jesp.v22i2.11591
Baihawafi, M., & Sebayang, F. A. (2023). Pengaruh Upah Minimum, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia dan Laju Pertumbuhan Ekonomi terhadap Pengangguran Terbuka. Jurnal Riset Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 39–44. https://journals.unisba.ac.id/index.php/JRIEB/article/view/1911
Bala, U., Ibrahim, A., & Bala Hadith, N. (2020). Impact of Population Growth, Poverty and Unemployment on Economic Growth. Asian Business Research Journal, 5, 48–54. https://doi.org/10.20448/journal.518.2020.5.48.54
Calmfors, L., & Holmlund, B. (2000). Unemployment and economic growth: a partial survey. Swedish Economic Policy Review, 7, 107–153.
Hermawan, W., Heriyaldi, H., & Tjahjawandita, A. (2024). The Influence of Financial Inclusion and Internet Access on the Income of Poor Households. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi Dan Pembangunan, 25(1), 84–104. https://doi.org/10.23917/jep.v25i1.23517
Husein, Z., & Aisyah, S. (2024). The Influence of the Tourism Sector and Local Revenue on Economic Growth in Bali. ICOEBS 2022, 247, 982–990. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-204-0_80
Indrawati, I., Sarfiah, S. N., & Destianingsih, R. (2020). Analisis Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Ketimpangan Distribusi Pendapatan, dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan Provinsi Papua Tahun 2014-2019. Directory Journal of Eceonomic, 2(4), 1068–1080.
Khairunnida, H., & Utomo, Y. P. (2024). Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pdrb Di Provinsi Analysis of Factors Affecting Grdp in Yogyakarta Special Region. Menara Ekonomi, X(1), 31–40.
Kusuma, A. N., & Zakiyyah, N. A. A. (2024). Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Kemiskinan di 38 Kabupaten / Kota Jawa Timur [Universitas Ahmad Dahlan]. In Kapalamada: Jurnal Multidisipliner (Vol. 2). https://doi.org/10.22236/kapalamada_volX/isXppXX-XX
Mahendra. (2023). Analisis Pengaruh Dana Alokasi Umum, Belanja Modal, dan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kabupaten/Kota Di Provinsi Bali. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FEB Universitas Briwijaya, 9(2), 229–240.
Manthofi, A., & Aisyah, S. (2024). Pengaruh Sektor Pariwisata Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. COSTING:Journal of Economic, Business and Accounting, 7(4).
Mursalina, M., Syaparuddin, S., & Hardiani, H. (2022). The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on economic growth in the tourism sector with tourist arrivals and investment as mediating variables in Indonesia. International Journal of Quantitative Research and Modeling, 3(1), 18–28. https://doi.org/10.46336/ijqrm.v3i1.261
Nani Hartati. (2020). Pengaruh Inflasi Dan Tingkat Pengangguran Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Indonesia Periode 2010 – 2016. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Pelita Bangsa, 05(01).
Nisa, A. Z., & Rifki Khoirudin. (2025). The Effect of the Tourism Sector on Regency and City Gross Regional Domestic Product in Central Java Province. BALANCE : Economic, Business, Management, and Accounting Journal, 22(2), 238–247. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30651/blc.v22i2.25084
Pramaningtyas, S., Toto Gunarto, Arivina Ratih, & I Wayan Suparta. (2022). The Effect Of Total International Tourism Expenditure And Total Investment In The Tourism Sector On Gdp Of Asean Countries. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 2022(3), 1361–1372.
Prameswari, C., & Setiawati, R. I. (2026). Determinant Analysis of the Tourism Sector’s Influence on Labor Absorption in East Java. Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE), 9(1), 2371-2379. https://doi.org/10.31538/iijse.v9i1.7408
Priambodo, A. (2020). poverty level data in Purbalingga Regency 2010-2019, economic growth data in Purbalingga Regency 2010-2019 and Human Development Index data in Purbalingga Regency. Perwira International Journal of Economics & Business (PIJEB), July, 29–36. https://ejournal.unperba.ac.id/index.php/pijeb
Rahman, F. (2023). Pengaruh Usaha Kecil Menengah Dan Sektor Pariwisata Terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (Pdrb) Di Kabupaten Probolinggo. Jurnal Ekonomi Kreatif Dan Manajemen Bisnis Digital, 1(2), 379–392. https://doi.org/10.55047/jekombital.v1i2.355
Ratnadewati, A., Samudro, B. R., Widiastuti, N., & Popoola, O. M. J. (2024). Uneven Development Principles in Geo-Map Perspective: How Does Infrastructure Play a Role in Crushing the Poverty in the Special Region of Yogyakarta? Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi Dan Pembangunan, 25(1), 135–152. https://doi.org/10.23917/jep.v25i1.23641
Sabrina, E. W., & Huda, S. (2023). Analisis Pengaruh Sektor Pariwisata Terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto. Equilibria Pendidikan : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Ekonomi, 8(1), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.26877/ep.v8i1.16408.
Simbala, M., Walewangko, E. N., & Niod, A. O. (2024). Pengaruh Upah Minimum Provinsi, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Terhadap Jumlah Pengangguran Di Bolaang Mongondow Raya. Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Efisiensi, 24(3), 5–24.
Silalahi, R. J., Agustina, N., & Info, A. (2024). ANALYSIS OF TOURISM PERFORMANCE IN. Jurnal Kepariwisataan Indonesia, 18(2), 197–212. https://doi.org/10.47608/jki.v18i22024.197
Sinha, J. K. (2022). Impact of Unemployment and Inflation on the Economic Growth of India. Journal of Development Economics and Finance, 3(2), 397–417. https://doi.org/10.47509/jdef.2022.v03i02.09.
Suriani, M. M. R. (2022). Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Economic Growth of the Tourism Sector in Indonesia. International Journal of Quantitative Research and Modeling, 3(1), 18–28.
Syawkani wahid, F., Alwi, M., & Fadlli, M. D. (2025). Analisis Pengaruh Pembangunan Infrastruktur Terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Kabupaten Lombok Barat Tahun 2010 - 2023. Jurnal Konstanta, 4(1), 198–216. https://doi.org/10.29303/konstanta.v4i1.1897.
Tjahjanto, H., Tuhana, T., Mafruhah, I., Istiqomah, N., & Ismoyowati, D. (2023). High Unemployment, Disrupted Economic Growth and Sustainable Development Goals: Analyzing Unemployment Reduction. Economics and Sociology, 16(1), 106–120. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2023/16-1/7.
Tyas, D. P. P., & Ni Made Sukartini. (2022). Determinants of the Human Development Index (HDI) in Indonesia, 2014 - 2021. Media Trend Berkala Kajian Ekonomi Dan Studi Pembangunan, 17(2), 481–495.
Wirawan, H. A., & Hasanah, L. lak N. El. (2025). Tourism sector and regional own-source revenue: A panel data analysis of six provinces in Java Island, Indonesia. Journal of Economics Research and Policy Studies, 5(2), 355–366.
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2026-08-10
##submission.howToCite##
Wal’Azra, M. H., & Utomo, Y. P. (2026). Analysis of the Effect of Infrastructure and the Tourism Sector on Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) Per Capita in Regencies/Cities of East Nusa Tenggara Province During 2020–2023. Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE), 9(2), 17476-17490. https://doi.org/10.31538/iijse.v9i2.10423
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