Dinamika Pembagian Harta Warisan Berbasis Konsensus Keluarga: Studi Empiris Hukum Waris Islam

The Dynamics of Consensus-Based Inheritance Distribution: An Empirical Study of Islamic Inheritance Law

Abstract

Inheritance distribution constitutes a central aspect of inheritance law aimed at ensuring justice and legal certainty. Normatively, Islamic inheritance law provides clear rules regarding heirs and their respective shares. However, existing studies predominantly focus on doctrinal analysis, with limited attention to its empirical implementation within social contexts. This study aims to examine the dynamics of consensus-based inheritance distribution and its implications for the implementation of Islamic inheritance law, with empirical evidence drawn from Bragolan Village, Purwodadi Subdistrict, Purworejo Regency. Employing a qualitative empirical approach within a socio-legal framework, data were collected through observations, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. The findings reveal that inheritance distribution is frequently conducted through family consensus that does not fully adhere to Islamic legal provisions. Such practices are influenced by perceptions of fairness, local values, and efforts to maintain family harmony. This study fills a research gap by linking normative Islamic inheritance law with its empirical application, offering insights into how Islamic inheritance norms are negotiated in everyday family practices.

Pembagian harta warisan merupakan aspek penting dalam hukum waris yang bertujuan mewujudkan keadilan dan kepastian hukum. Secara normatif, hukum waris Islam telah menetapkan ketentuan yang jelas mengenai ahli waris dan bagian masing-masing. Namun, penelitian terdahulu cenderung menitikberatkan pada kajian normatif-doktrinal, sementara kajian mengenai penerapan empiris hukum waris Islam dalam konteks sosial masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dinamika pembagian harta warisan berbasis konsensus keluarga serta implikasinya terhadap implementasi hukum waris Islam dengan mengambil objek penelitian di Desa Bragolan, Kecamatan Purwodadi, Kabupaten Purworejo. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan kerangka sosio-legal. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembagian warisan kerap dilakukan melalui kesepakatan keluarga yang tidak sepenuhnya sejalan dengan ketentuan normatif hukum waris Islam. Praktik tersebut dipengaruhi oleh persepsi keadilan, nilai-nilai lokal, dan upaya menjaga keharmonisan keluarga.